Human Metabolism. Keith N. Frayn

DIT diet-induced thermogenesis DPP Diabetes Prevention Program EDRF endothelial-derived relaxing factor EE energy expenditure eIF eukaryotic initiation factor eNOS endothelial NO synthase ER endoplasmic reticulum ERK extracellular signal-regulated kinase FABP(_pm) fatty acid binding protein (plasma membrane isoform) FAD flavin adenine dinucleotide (oxidised form) FADH₂ flavin adenine dinucleotide (reduced form) FAT fatty acid translocase FATP fatty acid transport protein FFM fat-free mass FGF fibroblast growth factor FH familial hypercholesterolaemia FIL feedback inhibitor of lactation FoxO Forkhead box ‘Other’ FQ food quotient FSH follicle-stimulating hormone FXR farnesoid X-receptor G Gibbs ‘free’ energy G6-P glucose 6-phosphate GDP guanosine 5′-diphosphate GH growth hormone GHSR growth hormone secretagogue receptor GIP gastric inhibitory polypeptide, also known as glucose-dependent insulinotrophic polypeptide GK glucokinase GLP (1 and 2) glucagon-like peptide-1 and -2 GLUT glucose transporter GOAT ghrelin-O-acyltransferase GPAT glycerol phosphate-acyl transferase GPCR G protein-coupled receptor GPIHBP1 glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high density lipoprotein-binding protein 1 GR glucocorticoid receptor GSK glycogen synthase kinase GTP guanosine 5′-trisphosphate HDAC histone deacetylation/deacetylase HDL high density lipoprotein HIF-1 hypoxia-inducible factor-1 HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus HK hexokinase HMG-CoA 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA hPL human placental lactogen HSL hormone-sensitive lipase 5-HT 5-hydroxytryptamine IDDM insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus IGF insulin-like growth factor IL interleukin IMM inner mitochondrial membrane JAK originally Just Another Kinase; redesignated JAnus Kinase K _a dissociation constant for an acid K _m Michaelis constant LADA latent autoimmune diabetes in adults LCAD long-chain acyl CoA dehydrogenase LCAT lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase LDL low-density lipoprotein LH luteinising hormone LPL lipoprotein lipase LXR liver X-receptor MAPK mitogen-activated protein kinase MET (unit of work): 1 MET = resting metabolic rate MI myocardial infarction MODS multiple organ dysfunction syndrome MODY maturity-onset diabetes of the young Mr relative molecular mass mRNA messenger-RNA MSH melanocyte-stimulating hormone mTOR mammalian (or mechanistic) Target Of Rapamycin NAD⁺, NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (+, oxidised form; H, reduced form) NADP⁺, NADPH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (+, oxidised form; H, reduced form) NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease Nam nicotinamide Nampt