18.13 Experimental results from the L‐inverter with the robust droop ...Figure 18.14 Experimental results from the L‐inverter with the robust droop ...Figure 18.15 Experimental results from the L‐inverter with the robust droop ...Figure 18.16 Experimental results with the L‐inverter under robust droop con...Figure 18.17 A microgrid including three inverters connected to a weak grid....Figure 18.18 Real‐time simulation results from the microgrid. (a) Real power...
19 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 A general three‐port converter with an AC port, a DC port, and a...Figure 19.2 DC‐bus voltage controller to generate the real power reference....Figure 19.3 The universal droop controller when the positive direction of th...Figure 19.4 Finite state machine of the droop‐controlled rectifier.Figure 19.5 Illustration of the operation of the droop‐controlled rectifier....Figure 19.6 The
‐converter.Figure 19.7 Control structure for the droop‐controlled rectifier. (a) Contro...Figure 19.8 Experimental results in the GS mode. (a) Real power
, grid volt...Figure 19.9 Experimental results in the NS‐H mode. (a) Real power
, grid vo...Figure 19.10 Experimental results in the NS‐L mode. (a) Real power
, grid v...Figure 19.11 Transient response when the system starts up. (a) Real power
,...Figure 19.12 Transient response when a load is connected to the system. (a) ...Figure 19.13 Experimental results showing the capacity potential of the rect...Figure 19.14 Controller for the conversion leg.Figure 19.15 Comparative experimental results with a conventional controller...
20 Chapter 20Figure 20.1 A grid‐connected single‐phase inverter with an
filter.Figure 20.2 The equivalent circuit diagram of the controller.Figure 20.3 The overall control system.Figure 20.4 Controller states. (a)
and
. (b)
and
.Figure 20.5 Implementation of the current‐limiting universal droop controlle...Figure 20.6 Operation with a normal grid. (a) Real and reactive power, RMS c...Figure 20.7 Transient response of the controller states with a normal grid. ...Figure 20.8 Operation under a grid voltage sag
for 9 s. (a) Real and react...Figure 20.9 Controller states under the grid voltage sag
for 9 s. (a)
an...Figure 20.10 Operation under a grid voltage sag
for 9 s. (a) Real and reac...Figure 20.11 Controller states under the grid voltage sag
for 9 s. (a)
a...
21 Chapter 21Figure 21.1 Two systems with disturbances interconnected through
.Figure 21.2 Two systems with disturbances and external ports interconnected ...Figure 21.3 Three‐phase grid‐connected converter with a local load.Figure 21.4 The controller for a cybersync machine with
to be supplied as Figure 21.5 The mathematical structure of the system constructed to facilita...Figure 21.6 Blocks
and
implemented with the integral controller. (a)
. ...Figure 21.7 A cybersync machine equipped with regulation and self‐synchroniz...Figure 21.8 Simulation results from a cybersync machine, where the detailed ...Figure 21.9 Experimental results from a cybersync machine. (a) Around synchr...
22 Chapter 22Figure 22.1 A photo of the SYNDEM smart grid research and educational kit.Figure 22.2 SYNDEM smart grid research and educational kit: main power circu...Figure 22.3 Implementation of DC–DC converters. (a) Buck (step‐down) convert...Figure 22.4 Implementation of uncontrolled rectifiers. (a) A single‐phase ha...Figure 22.5 Implementation of PWM‐controlled rectifiers. (a) A single‐phase ...Figure 22.6 Implementation of the
‐converter.Figure 22.7 Implementation of inverters. (a) A single‐phase inverter. (b) A ...Figure 22.8 Implementation of a DC–DC–AC converter.Figure 22.9 Implementation of a single‐phase back‐to‐back converter.Figure 22.10 Implementation of a three‐phase back‐to‐back converter.Figure 22.11 Illustrative structure of the single‐node system.Figure 22.12 Circuit of the single‐node system. (a) Wiring illustration with...Figure 22.13 Experimental results from the single‐node system equipped with ...Figure 22.14 Texas Tech SYNDEM microgrid built up with eight SYNDEM smart gr...
23 Chapter 23Figure 23.1 Illinois Tech SYNDEM smart grid testbed. (a) System structure. (...Figure 23.2 Topology of a
‐converter.Figure 23.3 Topology of a Beijing converter.Figure 23.5 Back‐to‐back converter formed by a
‐converter and a conversion ...Figure 23.4 Back‐to‐back converter formed by a Beijing converter and a conve...Figure 23.6 Operation of the energy bridge to black start the SYNDEM grid. (...Figure 23.7 Integration of the solar power node. (a) Responses of the solar ...Figure 23.8 Integration of the wind power node. (a) Responses of the wind po...Figure 23.9 Performance of the wind power node when the wind speed
changes...Figure 23.10 Integration of the DC‐load node. (a) Responses of the DC‐load V...Figure 23.11 Integration of the AC‐load node. (a) Responses of the AC‐load V...Figure 23.12 Operation of the whole testbed. (a) Responses of energy bridge ...
24 Chapter 24Figure 24.1 The home field at the Texas Tech University Center at Junction, ...Figure 24.2 The home grid. (a) One‐line diagram. (b) Its backbone: five Synd...Figure 24.3 Black‐start and grid‐forming capabilities. (a) Whole process. (b...Figure 24.4 From islanded to grid‐tied operation. (a) Whole process. (b) Zoo...Figure 24.5 Seamless mode change when the public grid is lost and then recov...Figure 24.6 Power sharing and regulation of the voltage and frequency of the...Figure 24.7 The nonlinearity of the transformer. (a) With one inverter. (b) ...Figure 24.8 The nonlinearity of household loads.Figure 24.9 The large inrush current of the air‐conditioning unit.
25 Chapter 25Figure 25.1 Panhandle wind power system. (a) Geographical illustration. (b) ...Figure 25.2 Connection of a wind power generation system to the grid.Figure 25.3 VSM controller for each wind turbine. (a) Robust droop control f...Figure 25.4 Standard DQ controller for the GSC.Figure 25.5 Simulated panhandle wind farms.Figure 25.6 Simulation results from a single unit. (a) Dynamic response of t...Figure 25.7 The voltage, frequency, active power, and reactive power at 345 ...Figure 25.8 Panhandle wind power system: the voltage, frequency, active powe...
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