Neurobiology For Dummies. Frank Amthor

Part IV: Developmental, Neurological, and Mental Disorders and Treatments Chapter 15: Developing the Brain and Nervous System Dividing and Differentiating after Conception Polarizing the Brain: Ganglia versus Brains Layering the Neocortex Developmental Neural Disorders Chapter 16: Movement Disorders When the Wheels Come Off: Motor Disorders Failing Forces: Muscle Diseases Neuromuscular Junction Disorders Motor Neuron Damage Basal Ganglia and Other Diseases Strokes and Injuries Chapter 17: Brain Dysfunction and Mental Illness Understanding Mental Illness as Neural Dysfunction Exploring the Genetic Causes of Brain Dysfunction Knowing How the Nervous System Can Be Damaged in Utero Mixing Genetic and Developmental Components Eating and Drinking for Brain Function Chapter 18: Making Better Brains Fixing the Brain with Surgery, Electricity, and Magnetism Repairing Brain Damage Brain–Machine Interfaces Augmenting Brain Function Simulating Brain Function on Computers Downloading the Brain

      9  Part V: The Part of Tens Chapter 19: The Ten Most Important Brain Circuits The Reticular Formation in the Brainstem The Spinal Reflex The Thalamic Relay to the Cortex Cerebellar Modulation of Motion Sequences Hippocampal Reciprocal Activation with the Cortex The Amygdala Orbitofrontal Cortex Loop The Spinal Pattern Generator The Conscious Triangle: Frontal and Sensory Cortex with the Thalamus The Basal Ganglia Thalamus Loop The Anterior Cingulate and Pulvinar Central Executives Chapter 20: Ten Technologies Revolutionizing Brain Science Optogenetics: Controlling Neurons with Light Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Genetic Disease Models: Knockouts and Knockins Brain Imaging: Optical, Magnetic, and Electrical Interfacing Brains with Computers Deep Brain Stimulation Multi-Electrode Array Recording Fluorescence and Confocal Microscopy Advances in Electrophysiological Recording Tissue Culture and Brain Slices

      10  Index

      11  About the Author

      12  Connect with Dummies

      13  End User License Agreement

      List of Illustrations

      1 Chapter 2Figure 2-1: Phospho-lipid molecular structure.Figure 2-2: A simplified ball-and-stick model of a single phospholipid molec...Figure 2-3: Phospho-lipid molecules assemble to form the plasma membrane.Figure 2-4: Two neurons from a rabbit retina: a starburst amacrine cell (left), and a...

      2 Chapter 3Figure 3-1: The sodium-potassium pump creates a disequilibrium between sodium and ...Figure 3-2: Event sequence underlying action potential, including voltage across the ...Figure 3-3: Electrical model of the distributed membrane resistance and capacitance...Figure 3-4: Types of glia cells (microglia, astrocytes, and myelin-producing Schwa...

      3 Chapter 4Figure 4-1: Structure, molecules, and sequence for neuro-transmitter release.Figure 4-2: Gap junction synapses.

      4 Chapter 5Figure 5-1: An antagonistic flexor-extensor muscle pair.Figure 5-2: Myosin-action movement in a sarcomere.Figure 5-3: The alpha motor neuron axon terminal at the end plate.Figure 5-4: A spinal reflex neural circuit.

      5 Chapter 6Figure 6-1: The spinal cord in relation to the vertebrae of the back.Figure 6-2: Spinal cord segments and some of their functions.Figure 6-2: Spinal cord segments and some of their functions.Figure 6-3: Gray and