A Parent's Guide to Substance Abuse and Addiction. Kellena Page

risk of developing a substance-related disorder (table 1), and that substance-related disorders can create certain mental disorder symptoms (table 2). ^{1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8-11, 14, 16-18}

      Part One References

      1.American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

      2.Bizzarri, J. V., Rucci, P., Sbrana, A., Gonnelli, C., Massei, G. J., Ravani, L., Girelli, M., Dell’Osso, L., & Cassano, G. B. (2007). Reasons for substance use and vulnerability factors in patients with substance use disorder and anxiety or mood disorders. Addictive Behaviors, 32, 384–391.

      3.Bradizza, C. M., Stasiewicz, P. R., & Paas, N. D. (2006). Relapse to alcohol and drug use among individuals diagnosed with co-occurring mental health and substance use disorders: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 26, 162–178.

      4.Durand, M.V., & Barlow, D.H. (2003). Essentials of abnormal psychology (3rd ed.). Pacific Grove, CA: Wadsworth-Thomson Learning.

      5.Grant, B. F., Stinson, F. S., Dawson, D. A., Chou, S. P. Ruan, W. J. & Pickering, R. P. (2004). Co-occurrence of 12-month alcohol and drug use disorders and personality disorders in the United States: Results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 361–368.

      6.Khantzian, E. J. (1997). The self-medication hypothesis of substance use disorders: A reconsideration and recent applications. Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 4, 231–244.

      7.Koob, G.F. (2008). A role for brain stress systems in addiction. Neuron, 59, 11-34.

      8.Lee, S. S., Humphreys, K. L., Flory, K., Liu, R., & Glass. K. (2011). Prospective association of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and substance use and abuse/dependence: A meta-analytic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 31, 328–341.

      9.Lingford-Hughes, A. & Clementi, N. (2008). Addiction and substance misuse. Medicine, 36, 422–429.

      10.McCreadie, R.G. (2002). Use of drugs, alcohol and tobacco by people with schizophrenia: Case-control study. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 181, 321–325.

      11.Menary, K. R., Kushner, M. G., Maurer, E., & Thuras, P. (2011). The prevalence and clinical implications of self-medication among individuals with anxiety disorders. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 25, 355–339.

      12.Miller, G. (2005). Learning the language of addiction counseling (2nd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

      13.National Institute on Drug Abuse. (2010). Drugs, brain, and behavior: The science of addiction. Retrieved from http://www.nida.nih.gov/scienceofaddiction/addiction.html

      14.Pulay, A. J., Stinson, F. S., Ruan, W. J., Smith, S. M., Pickering, R. P., Dawson, D. A., & Grant, B. F. (2010). The relationship of DSM-IV personality disorders to nicotine dependence: Results from a national survey. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 108, 141–145.

      15.Sinha, R., Talih, M., Malison, R., Cooney, N., Anderson, G. M., & Kreek, M. J. (2003). Hypothalamic-pituitaty-adrenal axis and sympatho-adreno-medullary responses during stress-induced and drug cue-induced cocaine craving states. Psychopharmacology, 170, 62-72.

      16.Tapert, S.F., Tate, S.R., & Brown, S.A. (2001). Substance abuse: An overview. In Stuker, P.B & Adams, H.E. (Eds.). Comprehensive handbook of psychopathology (3^rd ed.) (pp. 559–594). New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.

      17.Tomlinson, K. L., Tate, S. R., Anderson, K. G., McCarthy, D. M., & Brown, S. A. (2006). An examination of self-medication and rebound effects: Psychiatric symptomatology before and after alcohol or drug relapse. Addictive Behaviors, 31, 461–474.

      18.Wilens, T. E., Martelon, M., Joshi, G., Bateman, C., Fried, R., Petty, C., & Biederman, J. (2011). Does ADHD predict substance-use disorders? A 10-year follow-up study of young adults with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 50, 543–553.