F13/G13, Tr. 1, St. 2 contained a single Italian Sigillata sherd, dated to the Augustan period.76 F13/G13, Tr. 2, St. 2 produced a locally made terracotta bowl assigned to the 2nd–1st century B.C.77 and a mid-1st century A.D. blown glass sherd from F13/G13, Tr. 2.78 Excavation 6 m. west of trench 2 in grid square G14/F14 brought to light the continuation of the same St. 2 backfill south of Wall T4.79 Its latest object was a bronze coin of the 2nd/1st century B.C.80 These collectively indicate a date of the first half of the 1st century A.D. for the backfill as well as for the construction of Wall T10.
Wall T11
Just where the T10 terminates at its western end cannot be pin-pointed, but somewhere toward the approximate center of the Middle Sanctuary it must have merged with the line of the old late Archaic pseudoisodomic terrace wall, T4.81 We likewise cannot be totally certain how far west T4 extended in this period before linking with the ca. 5.5 m. long stretch of ashlar masonry designated T11 (Figs. 1, 35, Pl. 5). This is because the zone of contact between Walls T4, T11, and the later T20 wall facing has never been excavated and remains difficult to interpret. From what can be determined, however, from observation of their respective wall tops, Wall T20 overlaps the north face of the east end of T11 for perhaps a meter’s distance. In addition, the plane of its northern face is set 1.20 m. in front (i.e., north) of Wall T11, and although T11 is aligned directly with T4, the T20 facade establishes a quite separate and apparently new orientation. For these reasons, we are inclined to regard the original building phase of Wall T11 as earlier than T20’s and at the same time contemporary with T10. No proof for this sequence has been provided by excavation, and future clearance of the rear (south) faces of the three walls might indicate a quite different arrangement.
Plate 5. Wall T11 from the south, overlapped to the left by wall T20. The G2 doorway and collapsed stairs occupy the center of the picture.
To judge from the evidence of its block heights, Wall T11, with a maximum preserved total height of 2.70 m., in fact underwent two phases of construction. Phase one (T11a) survives only in the bottom three stretcher courses where the heights average 0.34 m., which is in turn nearly equal to those of Wall T10, the “Thirty-two Centimeter Wall.” Their lengths average 1.10 to 1.20 m. A change of construction then occurs at the level of the fourth course that consists of a series of low leveling blocks, apparently designed to level the upper four phase two (T11b) courses with the courses of the later wall facing T20, whose block heights (0.45 m.) they share. The upper four courses alternate headers and stretchers. Their block lengths average 1.10 m. Consequently, the phase two upper half seems to represent a reconstruction contemporary with the post A.D. 115 construction of Wall T20, while the lower phase one half should date to the first half of the 1st century A.D.
Block height-to-length ratios are of some interest in this context. As already noted the T10 has a ratio of 1:3 to 1:3.3. T11a has a ratio of 1:3.24 to 1:3.53. T11b is 1:3.7, which virtually duplicates the height-to-length ratio of a large percentage of the blocks of Wall T20. In other words, the early Imperial walls share average ratios of 1:3.25, while the post-A.D. 115 T20 wall and the T11b phase two wall revert to the typically squarish, later Archaic and Classical proportions of around 1:2.5.
Wall T12
The 8.80 m. long T12 continuation west (P1. 6) of the early Imperial retaining wall system links Wall T11, and the attached G2 doorway described below, with the Hellenistic period Wall T13 that continues to serve as the corner for the Middle Sanctuary. With a total preserved height of 2.25 m., Wall T12 again reflects two building phases. Its lower four alternating header and stretcher courses (T12a) are 0.36 m. high and average 1.10 to 1.15 m. in length. The top two T12b courses82 are made up of 0.50 m. high headers, whose original lengths may been cut back to 0.85 m. as part of their secondary use here in the post-A.D. 115 rebuilding. The T12a stretchers have a height-to-length ratio of 1:3.2, and the presumably later T12b headers have a reduced ratio of only 1:1.7. The latter figure is probably without much significance because of the headers’ secondary usage in this context. T12a, on the other hand, appears to conform rather closely to the proportions adopted for its proposed contemporaries, Walls T10 and T11.
The only exceptional feature of T12a’s masonry worth noting is the use of interlocking L-shaped headers that occur in its third course above bedrock at the point of juncture between the wall’s west end and Wall T13 at the northwest corner of the Middle Sanctuary. The technique, already encountered in the walls of the later Archaic Sacred House S5, involves three separate headers. The way in which the westernmost block in the series is keyed to bond with its adjacent T13 stretcher provides a fairly secure indication that T13 preceded T12.
Sacred House (S6a)
The later Archaic Sacred House S6 (Fig. 2)83 underwent a major reconstruction of its north and east walls during this period; this evidently necessitated the near total rebuilding of its superstructure over the line of the old walls. The rebuilt version, measuring 5.20 m. north-to-south by 6.80 m. east-towest, is designated S6a. Supported by a low podium-like series of four steps along its north wall, S6a was entered through a door in its east wall. Its closest neighbor was the S9 building described below.84
North Wall
Apart from the podium steps, two complete courses of elevation survive, namely a single course of limestone foundations surmounted by a course of well-cut stretchers. Two poorly preserved small blocks from a second course survive at the wall’s east end.
The foundations are built directly on bedrock and protrude south to form an irregular shelf, 0.20 to 0.25 m. wide, on the inner face of the first course of stretchers of the wall proper. They consist of low ashlars of various lengths, as opposed to the more usual rubble fill used for foundations. Where the foundation level reappears to the north at the top of the “podium” step series, it has been faced with a normal line of stretchers ca. 1.70 m. long and 0.35 m. high. The join between “foundation” and “step” is concealed beneath the wall’s superstructure.
Plate 6. Section of wall T12 from the south; Jeffrey Cohen is crouching in foreground.
The first course of the wall proper is made up of a line of three well-cut stretchers, ca. 1.85 m. long, 0.60 m. thick, and 0.35 m. high. The two surviving blocks of the second “course” at the wall’s east end average only 0.50 m. long, 0.60 m. thick, and 0.18 m. high. A possibility exists that both were placed here after S6a had collapsed and were part of the general cleanup of the site associated with the late wall ringing the southern edge of the post-A.D. 262 E14 Mound (S29).85
The stepped-out courses north of the building proper consist of two narrowly projecting courses of stretchers, which, together with the foundation level already mentioned, make up a three-step podium. Their block lengths run from ca. 0.90 to 1.60 m. with heights of 0.35 m. The width of their treads amounts to only ca. 0.30 m.
Owing either to the effects of time and earthquakes or to some otherwise undocumentable phase in the structure’s later history, a ca. 0.30 m. wide gap has been left between the later Archaic west wall of S6 and the west end of the north wall of S6a.
East Wall
By way of contrast, the east and north walls form a proper junction and appear in this and other respects to be contemporary additions. The north wall’s end stretcher forms