Congressional Giants. J. Michael Martinez

144–47; Farris, Almost President, 30–31; Jon Meacham, American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House (New York: Random House, 2008), 4–7.

      30. Heidler and Heidler, Henry Clay, 231–36.

      31. Clay is quoted in Henry Clay, The Life and Speeches of Henry Clay of Kentucky, Vol. 2 (New York: James B. Swain, 1843), 177. See also Brands, Andrew Jackson, 501, 502; Farris, Almost President, 30; Meacham, American Lion, 278–79. The anecdote about not shooting Henry Clay or hanging John C. Calhoun is found in many sources. See, for example, Remini, Henry Clay, 677–78.

      32. Brands, Andrew Jackson, 473–75; Farris, Almost President, 33; Kane, Facts About the Presidents, 90; Meacham, American Lion, 220.

      33. The “nullification crisis” has been discussed in many sources. See, for example, Brands, Heirs of the Founders, 197–218; and Howe, What Hath God Wrought, 395–410. The classic study is William H. Freehling, Prelude to Civil War: The Nullification Controversy in South Carolina, 1816–1836 (New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992 [1965]).

      34. Bordewich, America’s Great Debate, 82–84; Forrest McDonald, States’ Rights and the Union: Imperium in Imperio, 1776–1876 (Lawrence: The University Press of Kansas, 2000), 108–10; Peterson, The Great Triumvirate, 212–33.

      35. Heidler and Heidler, Henry Clay, 312–16; Remini, Henry Clay, 458–70; Witcover, Party of the People, 158–60.

      36. Brands, Heirs of the Founders, 253–58; Heidler and Heidler, Henry Clay, 269–75.

      37. Kane, Facts About the Presidents, 102–3; Witcover, Party of the People, 150–54.

      38. Remini, Henry Clay, 566–69; Robert V. Remini, Daniel Webster: The Man and His Time (New York and London: W. W. Norton, 1997), 511–12; Witcover, Party of the People, 158–60.

      39. The quotes are from Gary May, John Tyler: The American Presidents, Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., and Sean Wilentz, editors (New York: Times Books, and Imprint of Henry Holt and Company, 2008), 59. See also Heidler and Heidler, Henry Clay, 338–40; Remini, Henry Clay, 569–76.