The Turkish Arms Embargo. James F. Goode

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       The Turkish Arms Embargo

      The Turkish Arms Embargo

       Drugs, Ethnic Lobbies, and US Domestic Politics

      James F. Goode

      Copyright © 2020 by The University Press of Kentucky

      Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth,

      serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre

      College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University,

      The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College,

      Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University,

      Morehead State University, Murray State University,

      Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University,

      University of Kentucky, University of Louisville,

      and Western Kentucky University.

      All rights reserved.

      Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com

      Cataloging-in-Publication data is available from the Library of Congress.

      ISBN 978-0-8131-7968-1 (hardcover: alk. paper)

      ISBN 978-0-8131-7970-4 (pdf)

      ISBN 978-0-8131-7971-1 (epub)

      This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting

      the requirements of the American National Standard

      for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials.

      Manufactured in the United States of America

       Member of the Association of University Presses

      To Ginny, with whom I have shared fifty years of happy memories of the Middle East and much more.

      Contents

       List of Illustrations

       List of Abbreviations

       Preface

       1. Background to Crisis

       2. Killing America’s Children: The Heroin Crisis

       3. Making Turkey Pay

       4. Turning Congress

       5. “They Have Made a Mess of Cyprus”

       6. The Embargo Must Go

       Conclusion

       Epilogue: De Facto Partition

       Acknowledgments

       Appendix: The International Debate over Human Rights Violations

       Notes

       Bibliography

       Index

      Illustrations

       Eastern Mediterranean region

       Cyprus, 1983

       Poster of Turkish soldier on Cyprus

       Cartoon of Ford cradling a Turkish pasha

       California campaign poster

       Brademas and Sarbanes in refugee camp kitchen

       Brademas and Sarbanes in Cyprus refugee camp

       Brademas, Sarbanes, and Makarios in Nicosia

       Oval Office discussion regarding Turkey and Cyprus

       Ecevit campaign poster

       Ford, Demirel, and Kissinger

       Ford lobbying congressional breakfast group

       Minnesota Friends of Cyprus

       Cartoon critical of US policy toward Cyprus

       Ford and Makarios

       Karamanlis, Ford, Kissinger, and Bitsios

       Cartoon after partial lifting of the embargo

       Broadside warning “American Tax-Payers” of dual threat from Turkey

       Notice in New York Times warning of drugs from Turkey

       Drawing accompanying Rangel’s editorial

       Ford and Ecevit

       Carter, Clifford, Vance, and Treverton

       Cartoon criticizing Carter for supplying arms to Turkey

       O’Neill, Brademas, and Speaker of Cyprus House of Representatives

       Reagan and Iakovos

       Protesting declaration of Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus

      Abbreviations

AHEPA	American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association
AHI	American Hellenic Institute
AIPAC	American Israel Public Affairs Committee
ARF	Armenian Revolutionary Federation
CIA	Central Intelligence Agency
DCA	Defense Cooperation Agreement
DEA	Drug Enforcement Administration
EC	European