ssiptta 씹다
ssittta 씻다
ssodajida 쏟아지다
sumtta 숨다
swida 쉬다
tada 타다¹
tada 타다²
taeeonada 태어나다
taeuda 태우다¹
taeuda 태우다²
teojida 터지다
teulda 틀다
teullida 틀리다
tonghada 통하다
ttada 따다
ttaerida 때리다
ttaragada 따라가다
ttaraoda 따라오다
tteda 떼다
tteolda 떨다
tteollida 떨리다
tteonada 떠나다
tteoollida 떠올리다
tteooreuda 떠오르다
tteoreojida 떨어지다
tteuda 뜨다¹
tteuda 뜨다²
tteutada 뜻하다
ttwida 뛰다¹
ttwida 뛰다²
uihada 의하다
uimihada 의미하다
ulda 울다
ullida 울리다
umjigida 움직이다
undonghada 운동하다
unjeonhada 운전하다
utkkida 웃기다
uttta 웃다
wihada 위하다
wonhada 원하다
yakssokada 약속하다
yeohaenghada 여행하다
yeolda 열다
yeollida 열리다
yeonguhada 연구하다
yeonseupada 연습하다
yoguhada 요구하다
yorihada 요리하다
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GUIDE TO CONJUGATION
1. What Is Conjugation?
The dictionary form of all Korean verbs ends with 다 da such as 가다 gada “to go,” 적다 jeokda “to write,” and 살다 salda “to live.” The part that precedes the word-final 다 da—가 ga, 적 jeok, and 살 sal—is called a stem. The stem is constant in its shape, and various suffixes can be attached to it. The suffix added to the stem of a verb is called an ending. Conjugation refers to the way the stem of a verb and one or more endings combine to create a different form.
2. ㄹ Verbs and 하 Verbs
Most verbs follow regular conjugation rules. There are two types of verbs which need your attention—ㄹ verbs and 하 verbs. ㄹ verbs are those whose stem ends with ㄹ l, for example, 살다 salda “to live,” 밀다 milda “to push,” and 돌다 dolda “to turn”; 하 verbs, which account for a large portion of Korean verbs, are those whose stem ends with 하 ha, for example, 하다 hada “to do,” 공부하다 gongbuhada “to study,” 일하다 ilhada “to work,” and 숙제하다 sukjehada “to do homework.” Those two groups of verbs follow the regular conjugation rules, but they sometimes behave differently than other verbs.
• Some notes on notation
| V | Verb |
| S | Stem. e.g., 가 ga in 가다 gada “to go” |
| e | Ending. e.g., 면 myeon in 가면 gamyeon “if (I/you/he/etc.) go(es)” |
| Sㄹ | Stem ending in ㄹ l. e.g., 살 sal in 살다 salda “to live” |
| Sㄹ | Deletion of the stem-final ㄹ l |
| Sv | Stem ending in a vowel. e.g., 가 ga in 가다 gada “to go” |
| Sc | Stem ending in a consonant. e.g., 적 jeok in 적다 jeokda “to write” |
| Sㅏ/ㅗ | Stem ending in a syllable with ㅏ a or ㅗ o. e.g., 가 ga in 가다 gada “to go,” 돌 dol in 돌다 dolda “to turn” |
| Sㅓ/ㅜ | Stem ending in a syllable with a vowel other than ㅏ a and ㅗ o. e.g., 적 jeok in 적다 jeokda “to write,” 주 ju in 주다 juda “to give” |
| S하 | Stem ending in 하 ha. e.g., 공부하 gongbuha in 공부하다 gongbuhada “to study” |
3. Conjugation of Regular Verbs
e class #1. S + e
Endings beginning with ㄱ g, ㅈ j, or ㄷ d combine directly with the stem of a verb. Among them are -고 -go “and,” -거나 -geona “or,” -기 -gi (nominalizer), -겠- -get- (future), -지 -ji (nominalizer), -지만 -jiman “but,” -자 -ja (propositive), and -도록 -dorok “so that.”
e class #2. (i) S + e (ii) Sㄹ + e
When endings like -니? -ni? (interrogative), -는데 -neunde “but,” and -는 -neun (adnominal) are attached to the stem of ㄹ verbs, the stem-final ㄹ l is deleted. For all other verbs, they combine directly with the stem of the verb. The majority of the endings beginning with a syllable-initial ㄴ n go for this class.
e class #3. (i) Sv + e (ii) Sㄹ + e (iii) Sc + 으 + e
Endings beginning with ㅁ m or syllable-initial ㄹ are directly attached to the stem which ends with a vowel or ㄹ. When they are attached to a stem which ends with a consonant other than ㄹ, by contrast, the vowel 으 eu intervenes between the stem and the ending to facilitate the pronunciation. -(으)면