Suku
Suku is attached to the right-hand side of the foot of its consonant and is normally written as in the previous section, but is written very small below a conjunct consonant written beneath another consonant:
Conjunct r, w, and y
When conjunct r, w, and y are added to a conjunct consonant below another consonant, they are altered; r is put round the group and its right limb is continued up to the top of the letters; w and y are made much smaller:
With conjunct r and y, short and long u (suku) have a different shape:
Signs
Signs which indicate a consonant that ends a syllable (panganggé tengenan):
h bisah, wisah, wisarga
ng cekcek, cecek (see nga for the occasions when it is used)
r surang
tengenan, hadeg-hadeg (indicates that the haksara has no vowel)
ng hulu candra (used only in religious contexts, only over o or m; the learned pronounce o with this sign as om)
Punctuation
Also called pada, pemada (Jav), or palälingga.
carik carik, hadeg-hadeg (please see paragraph five of the section on Balinese writing)
used before direct speech, after a noun or verb which indicates that someone is speaking
papanten (indicates the beginning of a prose paragraph or chapter)
haksara swalita, modré (used at the beginning of a work, especially a poem, and at the end of every stanza of a poem)
matan titiran hapit carik, pasalinan gaguritan (used at the end of a chapter or prose or the end of a poem; it may be used at the beginning of a poem)
A device like this may stand on either side of a title of a work; it is also used on either side of the Sanskrit formula with which a piece of writing begins om awighnam astu ‘God, may it be without harm.’
Numerals
Numerals (hangka) are Indian numerals, used exactly the same way Arabic numerals are used
| 1 |
|
| 2 |
|
| 3 |
|
| 4 |
|
| 5 |
|
| 6 |
|
| 7 |
|
| 8 |
|
| 9 |
|
| 0 |
|
When the numerals indicate a serial order they have
A
a the most frequent Balinese vowel; at the beginning of words it is usually written ha- but in some names, and in S words the symbol for the initial vowel (called akara S) is used (other names: a gora, a wayah).
a- the S negative prefix, also frequently written ha-.
-a (=-an, -ang, -in) a suffix referring to the 3ps (sing or pl); it may be (1) the direct object of a trans vb: ngaliha ‘they sought him’ (2) the genitive of the pron: bwahha ‘its fruit’ (3) the suffix indicating the agent of a pass vb: bahana ‘was done, by him.’ -a originally began with h, and is sometimes so written: huningha ‘know it,’ or the h is assimilated to the final consonant of the root, which is then written twice.
abhara logawa n (=haralagawa) moderation in food, drink, and the use of time.
adi n (=hadi) younger sister, wife. minakadinyane used (them) as his wives.
agama n (=gama, hagama) religion, religious law.
ageng H adj (=agung, hagung) great, large, high (rank).
agung L adj great, large, high (rank).
a gora n the name of the letter a when used as an abbr of the five letters sa, ba, ta, a, i, which stand for Siwa.
ahimsa, ahingsa n abstention from violence (S ahimsa-).
akara n the name of the letter, and sound a (S).
akrodha n the religious duty of keeping one's temper (S).
aku L ps pron I (Jav haku).
alas duwine ‘the place of the bush (the desert-thor),’ from the story of Moses and the burning bush (Lk).
alengka n Sri Lanka, Ceylon (S Lanka-, in the Ramayana).
aljabar n algebra (Arab).
-an a suffix (originally -han) forming (1) abstract or collective nouns (2) modified adjectives, comparative or intensified (3) some types of verbs.
anu (=hanu) in hi hanu L, sang hanu H pron an unspecified person, so-and-so; adj ‘a certain’: dina hanu a certain day.
anugraha n gift, present (S).
-ang a suffix (originally -hang) added to verbs, making them causative; making denominative verbs from nouns and adjectives (-yang H after a vowel).
angsoka (hangsoka) n a species of tree valued for its flowers.
aparamada n careful performance of religious duties and study (S).
apotik n chemist’s shop (D apoteek).
arca C n the image, or the golden ornaments, of a god.
are n a measure of land (D, Fr), 100 square meters.
arja n properly a dramatic performance, but often only a dance.
artha n mind.
astenya n honesty, not stealing or cheating (S).
atawa K conj (=utawa) or.
atma n soul, spirit (S atmd-). atmanné his soul.
a