Programmable Automation Technologies. Daniel Kandray. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Daniel Kandray
Издательство: Ingram
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Жанр произведения: Техническая литература
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9780831191214
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      manufacturing lead time

      manufacturing operations

      manufacturing processes

      manufacturing setup

      manufacturing support systems

      manufacturing systems

      process manufacturing system

      product complexity

      product definition

      product quantity

      product variety

      product volume

      production capacity

      production rate

      productivity

      program of instructions

      programmable automation

      programmable logic control (PLC) technology

      quantity manufacturing system

      robotic technology

      soft product variety

      utilization

      1. Define programmable automation.

      2. What hampered programmable automation’s initial use?

      3. What member of the engineering staff is best suited to implement programmable automation?

      4. Discuss how a manufacturing facility takes raw material and transforms it into a finished product.

      5. Define the term “program of instructions.”

      6. List and discuss the four typical manufacturing operations.

      7. List and explain the factors that determine a finished product’s product definition.

      8. Define and discuss the four standard manufacturing systems. Focus your explanation on the type of products produced by each system.

      9. What is the difference between a manufacturing system and a manufacturing support system?

      10. Define automation and the three major types.

      11. What technologies fall under the programmable automation category? Include a definition of each.

      12. Discuss the five performance measures of manufacturing.

      13. What manufacturing performance measure combines and summarizes many of the individual measures into one all-encompassing metric?

      14. Define productivity and provide three examples of how to improve it.

      15. Discuss the five automation strategies defined in the chapter.

      1. http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/automation Groover, M.P. (2001) Automation, Production Systems and Computer-Integrated

      2. Manufacturing, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey

      3. Sumanth, David J. (1994). Productivity Engineering and Management, McGraw-Hill

      4. Kandray, Daniel E. (2004). Comparison of fixed automation and flexible automation from a productivity standpoint, Society of Manufacturing Engineers Technical Paper TP04PUB206

      5. Machinery’s Handbook, 25th ed. (1996). Industrial Press, Inc., New York, New York

      6. http://www.websters-online-dictionary.org/definition/productivity

      7. Radhakrishnan, Arun (2008). Intel Announces Two Billion Transistor Computer Chip, IT News Digest, February

      8. http://blogs.techrepublic.com.com/tech-news/?p=2050

       Automation Justification and Productivity Concepts

      Contents

       2.1 Automation Justification and Productivity

       2.2 Productivity Calculations

       2.3 Process Outputs and Mathematical Concepts for Quantifying Production

       2.4 Process Inputs and Manufacturing Costs

       2.5 Comparing Alternatives with Productivity Calculations

       2.6 The Impact of Production Volume on Alternatives

       2.7 Productivity and the USA Principle

       2.8 Summary

       2.9 Key Words

       2.10 Review Questions

       2.11 Bibliography

      Objective

      The objective of this chapter is to demonstrate how to use productivity calculations to identify, evaluate, and justify automation.

      Implementing programmable automation typically requires substantial investment, or capital expenditure, which upper management must deem justified. Most collegiate engineering and technology programs offer engineering economic analysis courses that present numerous methods of justifying capital expenditures, such as developing cash flows over the life of the project and considering the time value of money. However, the decision of whether or not to invest in an automation project is still very difficult for a firm to make because of the large number of variables to be considered. Many larger firms have arcane justification methodologies. A productivity analysis, on the other hand, is a simple, single metric that can clearly show when an automation project should be funded. It compares the performance of the system before and after the automation is applied. In fact, it provides such great scrutiny of a system that it should be used prior to any automation plans. In so doing, the automation strategies, defined in Chapter 1, can be accurately applied. This chapter focuses on how productivity calculations are used to identify, evaluate and justify automation.

      Recall that the productivity of a manufacturing system is determined by the simple ratio,