Leviathan - The Original Classic Edition. Hobbes Thomas. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Hobbes Thomas
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And Not Subject To Civill Law

       Use, A Law Not By Vertue Of Time, But Of The Soveraigns Consent

       The Law Of Nature, And The Civill Law Contain Each Other

       Provinciall Lawes Are Not Made By Custome, But By The Soveraign Power Some Foolish Opinions Of Lawyers Concerning The Making Of Lawes Law Made, If Not Also Made Known, Is No Law

       Unwritten Lawes Are All Of Them Lawes Of Nature Nothing Is Law Where The Legislator Cannot Be Known Difference Between Verifying And Authorising

       The Law Verifyed By The Subordinate Judge

       By The Publique Registers

       By Letters Patent, And Publique Seale

       The Interpretation Of The Law Dependeth On The Soveraign Power

       All Lawes Need Interpretation

       14

       The Authenticall Interpretation Of Law Is Not That Of Writers

       The Interpreter Of The Law Is The Judge Giving Sentence Viva Voce The Sentence Of A Judge, Does Not Bind Him, Or Another Judge The Difference Between The Letter And Sentence Of The Law

       The Abilities Required In A Judge

       Divisions Of Law

       Another Division Of Law

       Divine Positive Law How Made Known To Be Law

       Another Division Of Lawes A Fundamentall Law What Difference Between Law And Right And Between A Law And A Charter

       CHAPTER XXVII. OF CRIMES, EXCUSES, AND EXTENUATIONS A Crime What

       Where No Civill Law Is, There Is No Crime

       Ignorance Of The Law Of Nature Excuseth No Man Ignorance Of The Civill Law Excuseth Sometimes Ignorance Of The Soveraign Excuseth Not

       Ignorance Of The Penalty Excuseth Not

       Punishments Declared Before The Fact, Excuse From Greater Punishments

       Nothing Can Be Made A Crime By A Law Made After The Fact

       False Principles Of Right And Wrong Causes Of Crime

       False Teachers Misinterpreting The Law Of Nature Secondly, by false

       And False Inferences From True Principles, By Teachers

       By Their Passions; Presumption Of Riches And Friends

       Wisedome

       Hatred, Lust, Ambition, Covetousnesse, Causes Of Crime

       15

       Fear Sometimes Cause Of Crime, As When The Danger Is Neither Present, Crimes Not Equall

       Totall Excuses

       Excuses Against The Author Presumption Of Power, Aggravateth Evill Teachers, Extenuate

       Examples Of Impunity, Extenuate

       Praemeditation, Aggravateth

       Tacite Approbation Of The Soveraign, Extenuates

       Comparison Of Crimes From Their Effects

       Laesae Majestas

       Bribery And False Testimony

       Depeculation

       Counterfeiting Authority

       Crimes Against Private Men Compared

       Publique Crimes What

       CHAPTER XXVIII. OF PUNISHMENTS, AND REWARDS

       The Definition Of Punishment

       Right To Punish Whence Derived

       Private Injuries, And Revenges No Punishments

       Nor Denyall Of Preferment

       Nor Pain Inflicted Without Publique Hearing

       Nor Pain Inflicted By Usurped Power

       Nor Pain Inflicted Without Respect To The Future Good

       Naturall Evill Consequences, No Punishments

       Hurt Inflicted, If Lesse Than The Benefit Of Transgressing,

       Where The Punishment Is Annexed To The Law, A Greater Hurt Is Not

       Hurt Inflicted For A Fact Done Before The Law, No Punishment

       16

       The Representative Of The Commonwealth Unpunishable Hurt To Revolted Subjects Is Done By Right Of War, Not Punishments Corporall

       Capitall Ignominy Imprisonment Exile

       The Punishment Of Innocent Subjects Is Contrary To The Law Of Nature

       But The Harme Done To Innocents In War, Not So

       Reward, Is Either Salary, Or Grace

       Benefits Bestowed For Fear, Are Not Rewards

       Salaries Certain And Casuall

       CHAPTER XXIX. OF THOSE THINGS THAT WEAKEN, OR TEND TO THE DISSOLUTION OF Want Of Absolute Power

       Private Judgement Of Good and Evill

       Erroneous Conscience

       Pretence Of Inspiration

       Subjecting The Soveraign Power To Civill Lawes Attributing Of Absolute Propriety To The Subjects Dividing Of The Soveraign Power

       Imitation Of Neighbour Nations Imitation Of The Greeks, And Romans Mixt Government

       Want Of Mony

       Monopolies And Abuses Of Publicans

       Popular Men

       Excessive Greatnesse Of A Town, Multitude Of Corporations

       Liberty Of Disputing Against Soveraign Power

       Dissolution Of The Commonwealth

       17

       CHAPTER XXX. OF THE OFFICE OF THE SOVERAIGN REPRESENTATIVE The Procuration Of The Good Of The People

       By Instruction & Lawes

       Against The Duty Of A Soveraign To Relinquish Any Essentiall Right Objection Of Those That Say There Are No Principles Of Reason For Objection From The Incapacity Of The Vulgar

       Subjects Are To Be Taught, Not To Affect Change Of Government

       Nor Adhere (Against The Soveraign) To Popular Men And To Have Dayes Set Apart To Learn Their Duty And To Honour Their Parents

       And To Avoyd Doing Of Injury:

       And To Do All This Sincerely From The Heart

       The Use Of Universities

       Equall Taxes Publique Charity Prevention Of Idlenesse Good Lawes What

       Such As Are Necessary Such As Are Perspicuous Punishments

       Rewards Counsellours Commanders

       CHAPTER XXXI. OF THE KINGDOME OF GOD BY NATURE The Scope Of The Following Chapters

       Who Are Subjects In The Kingdome Of God

       A Threefold Word Of God, Reason, Revelation, Prophecy

       Sinne Not The Cause Of All Affliction

       18

       Divine Lawes

       Honour And Worship What Severall Signes Of Honour Worship Naturall And Arbitrary Worship Commanded And Free Worship Publique And Private The End Of Worship

       Attributes Of Divine Honour

       Actions That Are Signes Of Divine Honour Publique Worship Consisteth In Uniformity All Attributes Depend On The Lawes Civill Not All Actions

       Naturall Punishments

       The Conclusion Of The Second Part

       PART III. OF A CHRISTIAN COMMON-WEALTH

       CHAPTER XXXII. OF THE PRINCIPLES OF CHRISTIAN POLITIQUES What It Is To Captivate The Understanding

       How God Speaketh To Men

       By What Marks Prophets Are Known

       The Marks Of A Prophet In The Old Law, Miracles, And Doctrine

       Miracles Ceasing, Prophets