Leviathan - The Original Classic Edition. Hobbes Thomas. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Hobbes Thomas
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Of Men, How One Person

       Every One Is Author

       An Actor May Be Many Men Made One By Plurality Of Voyces Representatives, When The Number Is Even, Unprofitable Negative Voyce

       PART II. OF COMMON-WEALTH

       CHAPTER XVII. OF THE CAUSES, GENERATION, AND DEFINITION OF A The End Of Commonwealth, Particular Security

       Which Is Not To Be Had From The Law Of Nature:

       Nor From The Conjunction Of A Few Men Or Familyes

       Nor From A Great Multitude, Unlesse Directed By One Judgement

       And That Continually

       Why Certain Creatures Without Reason, Or Speech,

       Do Neverthelesse Live In Society, Without Any Coercive Power

       The Generation Of A Commonwealth The Definition Of A Commonwealth Soveraigne, And Subject, What

       CHAPTER XVIII. OF THE RIGHTS OF SOVERAIGNES BY INSTITUTION The Act Of Instituting A Commonwealth, What

       The Consequences To Such Institution, Are

       I. The Subjects Cannot Change The Forme Of Government

       From this Institution of a Commonwealth are derived all the Rights, and

       2. Soveraigne Power Cannot Be Forfeited

       3. No Man Can Without Injustice Protest Against The

       4. The Soveraigns Actions Cannot Be Justly Accused By The Subject

       5. What Soever The Soveraigne Doth, Is Unpunishable By The Subject

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       6. The Soveraigne Is Judge Of What Is Necessary For The Peace

       And Judge Of What Doctrines Are Fit To Be Taught Them

       7. The Right Of Making Rules, Whereby The Subject May

       8. To Him Also Belongeth The Right Of All Judicature

       9. And Of Making War, And Peace, As He Shall Think Best:

       10. And Of Choosing All Counsellours, And Ministers,

       11. And Of Rewarding, And Punishing, And That (Where No

       12. And Of Honour And Order

       These Rights Are Indivisible

       And Can By No Grant Passe Away Without Direct

       The Power And Honour Of Subjects Vanisheth In The Presence

       Soveraigne Power Not Hurtfull As The Want Of It,

       CHAPTER XIX. OF THE SEVERALL KINDS OF COMMON-WEALTH BY INSTITUTION, The Different Formes Of Commonwealths But Three

       Tyranny And Oligarchy, But Different Names Of Monarchy, And Aristocracy

       Subordinate Representatives Dangerous

       Comparison Of Monarchy, With Soveraign Assemblyes

       Of The Right Of Succession

       Succession Passeth By Expresse Words; Or, By Not Controlling A Custome;

       Or, By Presumption Of Naturall Affection

       To Dispose Of The Succession, Though To A King Of Another Nation,

       CHAPTER XX. OF DOMINION PATERNALL AND DESPOTICALL Wherein Different From A Commonwealth By Institution

       The Rights Of Soveraignty The Same In Both

       Dominion Paternall How Attained Not By Generation, But By Contract

       Or Education;

       Or Precedent Subjection Of One Of The Parents To The Other

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       The Right Of Succession Followeth The Rules Of The Rights Of Possession

       Despoticall Dominion, How Attained

       Not By The Victory, But By The Consent Of The Vanquished

       Difference Between A Family And A Kingdom

       The Right Of Monarchy From Scripture

       Soveraign Power Ought In All Commonwealths To Be Absolute

       CHAPTER XXI. OF THE LIBERTY OF SUBJECTS Liberty What

       What It Is To Be Free

       Feare And Liberty Consistent Liberty And Necessity Consistent Artificiall Bonds, Or Covenants

       Liberty Of Subjects Consisteth In Liberty From Covenants

       Liberty Of The Subject Consistent With Unlimited Power Of The Soveraign

       The Liberty Which Writers Praise, Is The Liberty Of Soveraigns; Liberty Of The Subject How To Be Measured

       Subjects Have Liberty To Defend Their Own Bodies, Are Not Bound To Hurt Themselves;

       Nor To Warfare, Unless They Voluntarily Undertake It

       The Greatest Liberty Of Subjects, Dependeth On The Silence Of The Law In What Cases Subjects Absolved Of Their Obedience To Their Soveraign In Case Of Captivity

       In Case The Soveraign Cast Off The Government From Himself And Heyrs

       In Case Of Banishment

       In Case The Soveraign Render Himself Subject To Another

       CHAPTER XXII. OF SYSTEMES SUBJECT, POLITICALL, AND PRIVATE The Divers Sorts Of Systemes Of People

       In All Bodies Politique The Power Of The Representative Is Limited

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       By Letters Patents

       And The Lawes

       When The Representative Is One Man, His Unwarranted Acts His Own Onely

       When It Is An Assembly, It Is The Act Of Them That Assented Onely

       When It Is An Assembly, They Onely Are Liable That Have Assented

       If The Debt Be To One Of The Assembly, The Body Onely Is Obliged

       Protestation Against The Decrees Of Bodies Politique

       Bodies Politique For Government Of A Province, Colony, Or Town

       Bodies Politique For Ordering Of Trade

       A Bodie Politique For Counsel To Be Give To The Soveraign

       A Regular Private Body, Lawfull, As A Family

       Private Bodies Regular, But Unlawfull

       Systemes Irregular, Such As Are Private Leagues

       Secret Cabals

       Feuds Of Private Families

       Factions For Government

       CHAPTER XXIII. OF THE PUBLIQUE MINISTERS OF SOVERAIGN POWER Publique Minister Who

       Ministers For The Generall Administration

       For Speciall Administration, As For Oeconomy

       For Instruction Of The People

       For Judicature

       For Execution

       Counsellers Without Other Employment Then To Advise

       CHAPTER XXIV. OF THE NUTRITION, AND PROCREATION OF A COMMON-WEALTH And The Right Of Distribution Of Them

       All Private Estates Of Land Proceed Originally

       Propriety Of A Subject Excludes Not The Dominion Of The Soveraign,

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       The Publique Is Not To Be Dieted

       The Places And Matter Of Traffique Depend, As Their Distribution, The Laws Of Transferring Property Belong Also To The Soveraign Mony The Bloud Of A Commonwealth

       The Conduits And Way Of Mony To The Publique Use

       The Children Of A Commonwealth Colonies

       CHAPTER XXV. OF COUNSELL Counsell What

       Differences Between Command And Counsell Exhortation And Dehortation What Differences Of Fit And Unfit Counsellours

       CHAPTER XXVI. OF CIVILL LAWES Civill Law what

       The Soveraign Is Legislator