Textbook of Diabetic Neuropathy
F. Arnold Gries, M.D.
Professor emeritus
German Diabetes Research Institute
at the Heinrich Heine University
Clinical Department
Düsseldorf, Germany
Phillip A. Low, M.D., FRACP, FRCP
Professor
Department of Neurology
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, MN, USA
Norman E. Cameron, Ph.D.
Professor
Diabetic Complications Lab
Department of Biomedical Sciences
Institute of Medical Sciences
Aberdeen University
Aberdeen, Scotland
Dan Ziegler, M.D.
Professor
German Diabetes Research Institute
at the Heinrich Heine University
Clinical Department
DÜsseldorf, Germany
With contributions by
H. Andersen
J.C. Arezzo
J.W. Baynes
G.J. Biessels
G.B. Bolli
P. Bottini
A.J.M. Boulton
V. Bril
N.E. Cameron
M.A. Cotter
P.J. Dyck
S.E.M. Eaton
J. Eckel
T. Erbas
C.G. Fanelli
C. Feinle
E.L. Feldman
W.H. Gispen
F.A. Gries
J. Hilsted
M. Horowitz
J. Jakobsen
K.L. Jones
W. Kennedy
J. Jervell
P.A. Low
D. Luft
R.A. Malik
C.J. Mathias
G. Menzinger
A.P. Mizisin
B. Neundörfer
D.O'Donovan
S. Pampanelli
T.S. Park
C.R. Pierson
G. Pittenger
F. Porcellati
H.C. Powell
W. Rathmann
P. Rösen
M. Samsom
R. Schmidt
L. Scionti
J.E. Shaw
A.A.F. Sima
M. Skeen
V. Spallone
K. Stansberry
M.J. Stevens
C. Stief
R. Straub
K.A. Sullivan
G. Sundkvist
M. Taskiran
S. Tesfaye
P.K. Thomas
A. Veves
A.I. Vinik
J.D. Ward
P. Watkins
G. Wendelschafer-Crabb
D. Ziegler
P. Zimmet
139 Illustrations
93 Tables
Thieme
Stuttgart · New York
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publications Data is avaible from the publisher
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Cover design: Martina Berge, Erbach-Ernsbach
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Printed in Germany by Grammlich. Pliezhausen
ISBN 3-13-127581-2 (GTV)
ISBN 1-58890-005-3 (TNY) 1 2 3 4 5
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Preface
It has long been known that diabetics are prone to characteristic diseases of the kidneys (P. Kimmelstiel and C. Wilson 1936), eyes (E. Jaeger 1853), and nerves (J. Rollo 1798). However, it wasn't until insulin therapy became established and large numbers of patients with long-term diabetes were examined that the syndrome-like character of these complications became recognized in the mid-20th century. Because the incidence of complications rises with the duration of the diabetes, it was once common to speak