Before I could write a single word of the manuscript, I was entirely dependent on a group of eager and dedicated transcribers— Margaret Gammon, Catherine Cripps, Kristine Morris, Jenny Kanis, Marlene Lumley, and Donna Morgan. In an extraordinarily short time, they waded through 150 audio cassettes and provided me with transcripts of more than 200 hours of interviews with former participants in the BCATP.
I was fortunate to meet three knowledgeable BCATP instructors: Charlie Konvalinka, Charley Fox, and John Campsie. Each knew the subject from a different perspective. Each understood the story I wished to tell. And each provided direction, comment, analysis, criticism, and advice on how to tell it best. I owe each of them a debt of gratitude for the hours they spent on the project. As BCATP instructors they helped scores of airmen win their wings, as unofficial editors of my work, they have given this book its wings.
The people at Macmillan Canada involved in this publication gave more than their job descriptions set out. Cover artist Garfield Ingram, designer David Montle, and editorial assistant Nancy Ceneviva all threw themselves whole-heartedly into this book. Above all, my greatest praise goes to editor-in-chief Philippa Campsie. Her initial discovery of the project, her ceaseless encouragement for its author, her critical eye for its detail, and her genuine love of its subject-matter helped advance this work from a six-page outline to a bound and printed book.
Through two and a half years of digging, chasing, organizing, and writing, I relied heavily on the encouragement of many people. Most of the instructors I interviewed or corresponded with endorsed the work right away. Others, who had little working knowledge of the BCATP itself, confirmed my belief that it could be done and befriended the venture from beginning to end. Among the most loyal friends of Behind the Glory are David Ross, Peter Jennings, Bill Edgar, Tom Best, Terry Clifton, Barb Pratt, Rob Mowat, Aaron Milrad, and, right from the beginning, Barry Broadfoot. I include my family— Jayne, Quenby, Whitney, and Kate—among the book’s and my best friends. But I give greatest thanks to my mother, Kay, for her steadfast confidence in me, and to my father, Alex, for the countless hours he spent checking library sources, transcribing interviews, proofreading copy, and believing in this work and its author.
Ted Barris
Uxbridge, 1992
Behind the Glory
IN THE SUMMER OF 1944, the troopship Aquitania completed a transatlantic crossing from Halifax to Scotland. Up the Firth of Clyde at the wartime docks of Gourock, she discharged a precious human cargo—thousands of freshly trained Allied air crew now ready for operational training and ultimately for active combat in the air war against Germany.
Among the thousands of disembarking servicemen was a young RCAF officer named Charlie Konvalinka. Three generations before, his ancestors had left Europe for a new life in America. Until now, he had never paid a return visit. Konvalinka’s first experience of Britain was a train ride in the middle of the night through blacked-out cities and villages. In the morning, he and his fellow air crew members arrived at the seaside resort town of Bournemouth, on the south coast of England.
Bournemouth was full of Canadians. For nearly four years, RCAF airmen like Konvalinka had arrived by the thousands to be billeted at city hotels. Wartime had transformed Bournemouth into No. 3 Personnel Reception Centre, and as such became the temporary quarters for air crewmen from Russia, Australia, New Zealand, France, Poland, South Africa, and the United States, but mostly from Canada.
With each new group of airmen that arrived in Bournemouth, there was processing to be done. Within the first few days of Konvalinka’s arrival, he and several hundred other former flying instructors were assembled for a briefing in one of Bournemouth’s old motion-picture theatres. The newly posted operational pilots were informed it would be a kind of orientation session, at which they would be told what life was like overseas. When all the pilots had taken their seats, out came an RCAF officer—a flight lieutenant, like Konvalinka—to begin the session.
“Well, you instructors are finally out here now,” he began. “Bloody bunch of cowards!”
This wasn’t at all what Konvalinka and his colleagues had expected.
“You guys probably don’t have the guts to do what we do,” the officer went on. “To fly a bomber on a straight and level when everybody’s shooting at you, or take on the enemy in a fighter one-on-one.”
The theatre remained silent. Konvalinka felt his blood boiling.
“If you had any guts at all you’d have been over here fighting. We’re the brave ones. You’re not!”
Konvalinka couldn’t restrain himself for another second. Before he realized what he was doing, he had called out, “And who, for Christ’s sake, taught you to fly? God?”
The presiding officer peered out into the theatre in search of the speaker. “Who said that?” he stormed.
Konvalinka stood up immediately and said to the sea of astonished faces around him, “I did. I said it!”
Charlie Konvalinka had never flown a combat mission in his life. Yet he had accumulated more than 1,850 hours of flying time; he was expert at the controls of every aircraft used for training service pilots in the Allied arsenal—aircraft such as two-seater Harvards, twin-engine Ansons, Lockheeds, Cessna Cranes, Airspeed Oxfords, and even biplane trainers such as Tiger Moths and Fleet Finches. At the age of twenty-six, Konvalinka was considered old by a fighting air force whose combat pilots were mostly nineteen, twenty, or twenty-one.
Before he received his overseas posting, Konvalinka had been an RCAF flying instructor. In four years of service in the British Commonwealth Air Training Plan, he had taught perhaps a hundred other young men to fly. He’d shown some of them how to dodge and weave and throw a fighter aircraft around the sky to elude an enemy closing in for the kill. He’d instructed others how to bring a multi-engine aircraft home on just one engine. In short, he’d taught them how to survive.
Some of his students, now on operations, had flown fighter cover in the campaign to retake North Africa. Others in Bomber Command had completed full tours—thirty missions or more—over Brest, Hamburg, and Berlin. Still others of his students—Australians and New Zealanders—had gone home to squadrons in the South Pacific and were flying operations into Burma, over Singapore and even hit-and-run bombing raids on the Imperial Japanese Navy. And yet here it was, the beginning of 1944, and RCAF Flight Lieutenant Charlie Konvalinka had never fired a shot in anger, had experienced no combat duty.
From the beginning Konvalinka had had his heart set on becoming a fighter pilot. He had the physique of a fighter pilot—a short, compact build—a legacy of his days as a sprinter competing for Canada on the international track and field circuit. He had the right attitude too. Anything his taller friends could do, he could do better. And it was only half in jest that he claimed: “I’m the best pilot I ever saw.” But all he really wanted to do was get his hands on the control column of a Spitfire