A History of the Episcopal Church (Third Revised Edition). Robert W. Prichard

Episcopacy, the Bishop’s Commissary, and the Enforcement of Ecclesiastical Law in Early Seventeenth-Century Essex and Hertfordshire.” Anglican and Episcopal History 75 (September 2006), 340–367. For objections against the institution by English Puritans see “the First Admonition to the Parliament” (1572) in G. R. Elton, The Tudor Constitution: Documents and Commentary, 2d ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982), 449.

12. Edward L. Bond, “John Clayton (1656 or 1657–1725)” in Dictionary of Virginia Biography (Virginia Foundation for the Humanities) http://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Clayton_John_1656_or_1657–1725 (accessed February 24, 2014); John K. Nelson, A Blessed Company: Parishes, Parsons, and Parishioners in Anglican Virginia, 1690–1776 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 107.

13. Edward L. Bond and Joan R. Gundersen, The Episcopal Church in Virginia, 1607–2007 (Richmond: The Episcopal Diocese of Virginia, 2007), 22–23.

14. Park Rouse, Jr., James Blair of Virginia (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1971), 24.

15. Goetz, Baptism of Early Virginia, 41–42.

16. Nelson, Blessed Company, 107–9.

17. The commissary in Pennsylvania also took responsibility for Delaware, the commissary in New York did so for New Jersey, and a single commissary took responsibility for North and South Carolina. See Gilbert Olsen, “The Commissaries of the Bishop of London in Colonial Politics,” in Anglo-American Political Relations, 1675– 1775, ed. Alison Olsen and Richard M. Brown (New Brunswick: Rutgers University Press, 1970), 110.

18. Olsen, “Commissaries,” 110–13.

19. Edgar Legare Pennington, Apostle of New Jersey: John Talbot, 1645–1727 (Philadelphia: Church Historical Society, 1938), 38–39.

20. Arthur Lyon Cross, The Anglican Episcopate and the American Colonies (New York: Longmans, Green, and Co., 1902), 101.

21. John Hicklin, Church and State: Historic Facts, Ancient and Modern (London: Simpkin, Marshall, and Co., 1873), 258–59.

22. Pennington, Apostle, 62–63.

23. Edwin S. Gaustad, George Berkeley in America (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1979), 8–13.

24. H.P. Thompson, Thomas Bray (London: SPCK, 1954), 52–5.

25. Thompson, Bray, 17, 28.

26. Thomas Bray, A General View of the English Colonies in America with Respect to Religion, extracted from the author’s work entitled Apostolic Charity, first printed in London in 1698 (reprinted for the Thomas Bray Club, 1916).

27. Bray was undoubtedly influenced in his choice of name by two earlier bodies: the Roman Catholic “Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith” (1622) and the Congregationalist “New England Company for the Propagation of the Gospel” (1649).

28. Pennington, Apostle, 16–18.

29. Classified Digest, 86.

30. R.E. Hood, “From a Headstart to a Deadstart: The Historical Basis for Black Indifference toward the Episcopal Church, 1800– 1860,” Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church 51 (September 1982): 272.

31. Classified Digest of the Records of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, 1701–1892, 4th ed. (London: SPG, 1894), xvi, 883–85.

32. Pennington, Apostle, 16–17.

33. See Dell Upton, Holy Things and Profane: Anglican Parish Churches in Colonial Virginia (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986) for a description of colonial church architecture in Virginia.

34. Donald Drew Egbert and Charles W. Moore, “Religious Expression in American Architecture,” in Religious Perspective in American Culture, ed. James Ward Smith and A. Leland Jamison, 2 vols. (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1961), 2:374–77.

35. Pennington, Apostle, 16.

36. Mary E. Grothe, “Anglican Beginnings in Western Massachusetts: Gideon Bostwick, Missionary to the Berkshires” (M.T.S. thesis, Virginia Seminary, 1984): Joyce D. Goodfriend, “The Social Dimensions of Congregational Life in Colonial New York City,” William and Mary Quarterly (3d series) 46 (April 1989): 269–71.

37. Bruce E. Steiner, “New England Anglicanism: A Genteel Faith?” William & Mary Quarterly (3d series) 28 (January 1970): 120–35.

38. Francis L. Hawks and William Stevens Perry, eds., Documentary History of the Protestant Episcopal Church … in Connecticut (New York: James Pott, 1863), 56–57, 65.

39. Nelson, Blessed Company, 109.

40. Dr. Bray’s Associates would be reorganized in 1730; that date was mistakenly given as the date of initial organization in earlier editions of this history. See Anthony S. Parent, Jr., Foul Means: the Formation of a Slave Society in Virginia, 1660–1740 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press for the Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture, 2003), 260.

41. Edgar Legare Pennington, Thomas Bray’s Associates and Their Work Among the Negroes (Worcester, Mass.: American Antiquarian Society, 1939); Joan R. Gundersen, “The Non-institutional Church: The Religious Role of Women in Eighteenth-Century Virginia,” Historical Magazine of the Protestant Episcopal Church (December 1982): 352; John Chamberlin Van Horne, “Pious Designs: The American Correspondence of the Associates of