ABSURDITY
1. The absurd in either sense.
2. “An absurdity to a particular person is a proposition, true or not, which conflicts with a proposition which has to that person the force of an axiom.” Chauvin.
3. The quality of the absurd.
See Simple.
ABSURDUM
See Reductio.
ABUNDANT
Abundant definition. One which contains derived marks.
List of words, beginning with AC
Academic
Academy
Acatalepsy
Acceptation
Acceptilation
Accident
Accidental—agreement—definition—difference—distinction—form—mode—predicable—predication—quality—supposition.
Accidentally—subordinate causes.
Accommodated—distribution
Accountability
Accurate—knowledge
Acedia
Acervus
Achilles
Acousmatic—disciple
Acquired—logic
Acquisitive—faculty
Acrisy
Acroama
Acroamatic—disciple—method—proof
Act
Action
Active—cause—instrument—power
Activity
Actual—cognition—composition—distinction—ens—essence—existence—object—part—whole
ACADEMIC. A platonist.
ACADEMY. The School of Plato.
See Old, Middle, New.
ACATALEPSY. Incomprehensibleness, or incapacity of being known with complete certainty.
ACCEPTATION. This is not a very precise term. It means either (1) the sense in which a term is taken, or (2) the manner in which it is used, or (3) the special application of it. The term suppositio which was replaced by this term by the purists of the revival, was much better.
See Collective, Concrete, Distributive, Formal, Material, Simple. ACCEPTILATION. Originally a term of the civil Law. Used in theology, for a discharge from an obligation without payment of an equivalent. ACCIDENT. The word accidens, as a noun, occurs first in Quintilian as the translation of
1. Whatever is in substance; that is, whatever cannot be supposed to exist without supposing that something else (the substance) exists. In this sense, it is opposed to substance. This is a common sense in Aristotle and in all later philosophers.
2. A quality or mark which does not necessarily belong to its subject. In this sense (opposed to property), it is also used by Aristotle and all subsequent writers.
“Accident is that which is present and absent without the corruption of its subject.”
See Conversion by Accident, Inseparable, Separable, Abstract, Causal, Concrete, Predicamental, Predicable, Verbal.
ACCIDENTAL.
Accidental Agreement is agreement in respects extraneous to the essence of the subjects.
Accidental definition. An expression of the nature of a subject by means of its accidents (in the second sense). Occam.
Accidental difference. A difference in respect to accidents, in the second sense.
Accidental distinction. A distinction relating to accidents in the second sense.
Accidental form. A form whose subject may be without it; that is, it is an accident in the second sense.
“Forms are divided into substantial and accidental. A substantial form is one which completes the matter and informs it, and so constitutes the corporeal substance. An accidental form is an addition inhering in the complete substance, and with it constituting the concrete ens, and that which is one per accidens. In these definitions, four discrimina are expressed, by which these two genera of forms differ from each other. The first is, that the substantial form is referred to the matter of the substance, the accidental to the substance itself; and because the matter of substances is of itself imperfect and incomplete in the genus of substances, therefore the substantial form is said to complete the matter in the genus of substances, and to constitute it into a certain species. An Accidental form is not a complement of but an addition to the substance; and this is the second point of difference. From this arises the third, that the substantial form truly informs the matter, while the accidental form does not inform the complete substance, unless in some general and less proper sense, but rather inheres in it as in a subject. Hence now arises the fourth discrimen, that the substantial form makes the substance one perse, while the accident makes some concrete Ens, which is one per accidens, only.” Burgersdicius, Institutionum Metaphysicarum, lib. i, cap. 25, §6.
Accidental form of syllogism, “depends on the external expression of the constituent parts of the syllogism, whereby the terms and propositions are variously determined in point of number, position, and consecution.” Esser.
Accidental mode. A mode which either modifies an accident, or if it modifies the substance is not included in the notion of the substance. Burgersdicius.
Accidental mode of signifying is one which belongs to a term from any grammatical or logical accident; thus amo signifies present time by an accidental mode.
Accidental perfection is ‘an addition pertaining to the essence either for causing it to do or to suffer what is fit for it, or for ornament’. Burgersdicius.
Accidental predicable. Property and accident. “They are called accidental because they are not substance, or of the essence of the subjects of which they are predicated. It is to be observed that the real ens is divided into substance and accident; whence taking accident as opposed to substance, property is an accident.” Pseudo-Aquinas, Summa logices.
Accidental predication.
Accidental quality. An accident in the second sense. Hamilton.
Accidental supposition. A term of the Parva logicalia; opposed to natural supposition. “Accidental supposition is the acceptation of a common term for all things, for which its adjunct requires that it be taken.” Petrus Hispanus. Thus, in the proposition ‘homo erit’, homo supposes for all future men. “The supposition of a term is accidental in respect to a copula which is not freed from time; as ‘homo fame moritur septimo die’.” Eck.
[Critique of Positivism]
MS 146: Winter 1867–1868
§1. Statement of the doctrine by which Positivism is distinguished from all other Philosophies.
§2. That this doctrine has a favorable influence upon scientific investigation, and that the Positivists have been clever savans.
§3. That this doctrine is fatal to religion, and that the religious side of positivism is its weakness.
§4.