Through philosophy we discover the expression of the particular in the general and vice versa, the difference between harmony and pathology, the Good and the Evil. Thus, we are able to distinguish power and justice, beauty and ugliness, form and contents, male and female, materialism and spirituality. To sum up, philosophy is present in every aspect of human existence. It is not by chance that up to recently physics was referred to as “natural philosophy’. Philosophy is universal notwithstanding the time and area of its application and is the expression of the spiritual component of the Universe.
The second basic science is mathematics, that is, the theory of quantitative patterns and spatial forms of the World. Mathematics lets us penetrates the mystery of the Universal order, understand the multiplicity, the grandeur, and the proportions of the bodies and objects. It is mathematics that studies the passage of quantity into quality, the correlation between the infinitesimal and the infinitely large, the particular and the general. This science establishes the possible and impossible types of quantitative correlations and spatial forms, and imposes natural limits within which philosophy functions. Mathematics tells us about the angles harmony and rhythm, and about the rules of universal organisation and order. It studies the numerical proportions of various bodies to demonstrate the difference between them, as well as the number of factors determining this difference. Mathematics serves as the foundation of the material component of the World. At the same time, the abstraction of mathematic methods renders them universal.
Back in the antiquity, philosophers noticed the common sources of philosophy and mathematics and understood the peculiarities of the quantitative and qualitative transformations of the matter and the spirit between their respective forms. The knowledge of mathematics, geometry and metrology was applied to symbols and shapes that were considered nothing but the images modifying various natural and spiritual phenomena: “The world was summoned from the Chaos by the Sound and the Harmony and built in accordance with the musical proportions’ (from the Pythagoreans’ theory). That is why door to the Platonic Academy read: “Let no one ignorant of geometry enter’.
The influence of antique knowledge on all aspects of the modern human life cannot be underestimated. Undoubtedly, this knowledge has been the foundation of the human culture, it has shaped the profound ethic, moral and aesthetic canons of the human behaviour, and it is, either consciously or unconsciously, referred to by people in search of explanation for all kinds of phenomena.
Finally, the title of the third basic science can be duly attributed to the economics, the study of the peculiarities of the human existence following the specific quantitative and qualitative laws of the World. In the end, it is economics that establishes the type and the principles of cooperation of people with each other, the God and the Universe. Besides, economics determines the evolvement of human communities and organisations, as well as shapes human behaviour and psychology.
In this light, economics as a science has, in essence, the objective of assuring the man’s harmonious integration into the Natural structure, into the Universe. This is quite logical, as the human being is not an isolated creature that lives without any aim or principle, entirely for its own pleasure or benefit. On the contrary, we are integrated with the World, the Nature, the Cosmos as a phenomenon executing its specific functions. We are not just individuals, but minds that have achieved the required balance between the matter and the spirit. It is through these minds that the Unconscious develops the Universe hoping to “achieve clear self-consciousness’’ (Genselo).
It is thus obvious that if the human behaviour fails to become part of the surrounding reality, then the humans will end up aliens in this World. If within the Universal Harmony Space, the humans remain egoistic, disharmonious, parasitic, alienated in their very essence, the World will estrange them. Without any doubt, neither benefit by all means, nor accumulation of currency, nor the adoration of fetishes, ideals or idols may be accepted as the purpose of human existence. Neither Nature, nor God need such a man.
Regarding this, economics, just as the Universe in general, has strict rules and restrictions. Though many of them have not been discovered yet this does not mean that they do not function. The economy must work in full accordance with the supreme laws of philosophy and mathematics and fulfil its functions. It acts as an essential component of the Basic World Knowledge and assists in the harmonisation of life. Indeed, as ancient Hindus believed that “lack of understanding of harmony makes life ugly’, and they were not alone.
Overview of economics from the global structure perspective allows defining more fully its role and place within the whole system of the World; identify its basic purpose and use it as guidance for assessing the efficiency and usefulness of any economic activities.
Needless to say, current economic theory is far from the above-described image. This alienates it from the entire Natural structure and entails numerous deviations from the reality.
On the other hand, every solid theory should have a firm foundation. As long as the aim of economy is profit, it will be based on human avidity that all peoples equally share. That is why modern economy has turned out functionally universal. However, if economy is supposed to work for the people’s wellbeing, then it is impossible to ignore their opportunities and capabilities, tastes and preferences, beliefs and morals. This, in turn, renders economy subjective, makes it dependent on people, their cultural demands, civilisation principles, and motivations.
In reality, the need for the unity of traditions, spiritual and economic life of every peoples is undoubted, as it is the condition for the increased material efficiency coupled with a developed and enhanced spiritual component. Indeed, no country in the world can afford satisfying its economic demands without recurring to all of its natural, human and organisational assets. Moreover, no country can afford ignoring its own weaknesses. For this reason, a universal efficient economic model is not feasible, just as a medicine to cure all known diseases.
Foreign experience is useful, provided that it is applied cautiously. In fact, efficient economy can only be national, as it should reflect the state of the country, the mentality of its people, as well as their historic traditions and legacy. Besides, it goes without saying that such economy should be integrated in the world economic system, without, for that matter, losing its identity or harming its people. It is comparable to a person who lives in a society while preserving their individuality. “Political economy should take the national idea as the starting point and teach how this particular nation… can preserve and improve its economic situation’ (S. Yu. Vitte, President of the Russian Council of Ministers in 1905—1906).
This rule is observed in the modern world, too. For instance, American capitalism is based on the key priorities of the American nations: engagement, individualism, worship of personal initiative, and uncompromising struggle for money and power. It is well known that the US has gathered all the planet’s individualists in one place. These people have voluntarily broken with their origins, becoming outcasts without any link to the land that bore them. They have demonstrated what a person free of national and class prejudices, free of traditions, centuries-old culture and affections is capable of.
Such people have built a powerful state and a unique civilisation. Moreover, as true pragmatists, they enabled an unprecedented flourishing of material culture. They have reduced social relations to an absurdity; this “capitalist’ type of relations has become the very symbol of such economy. All the thoughts of such people have been subordinated to money, rationalism, and consumption. Thus, they managed to formalize and, successively, to impoverish the human aspirations and relationships, and to substitute the priorities.
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