3. Boykinia. Flowers perfect. Stamens only as many as the petals, which are convolute in the bud and deciduous. Calyx-tube adherent to the ovary. Seed-coat close.
4. Sullivantia. Flowers perfect. Stamens 5. Calyx nearly free. Seeds wing-margined.
[*][*] Ovary 1-celled, with 2 parietal placentas alternate with the stigmas. Sterile stamens none.
5. Tiarella. Calyx nearly free from the slender ovary. Petals entire. Stamens 10. Placentas nearly basal.
6. Mitella. Calyx partly cohering with the depressed ovary. Petals small, pinnatifid. Stamens 10.
7. Henchera. Calyx bell-shaped, coherent with the ovary below. Petals small, entire. Stamens 5.
8. Chrysosplenium. Calyx-tube coherent with the ovary. Petals none. Stamens 10.
[*][*][*] Ovary 1-celled, with 3–4 parietal placentas opposite the sessile stigmas. A cluster of united sterile filaments at the base of each petal.
9. Parnassia. Sepals, petals and proper stamens 5. Peduncle scape-like, 1-flowered.
Tribe II. HYDRANGEÆ. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, simple. Ovary 2–5-celled; the calyx coherent at least with its base. Fruit capsular.
[*] Stamens 8 or 10.
10. Hydrangea. Calyx-lobes minute in complete flowers. Petals valvate in the bud.
[*][*] Stamens 20–40.
11. Decumaria. Calyx-lobes small. Petals 7–10, valvate in the bud. Filaments subulate. Style 1.
12. Philadelphus. Calyx-lobes conspicuous. Petals 4–5, convolute in the bud. Filaments linear. Styles 3–5.
Tribe III. ESCALLONIEÆ. Shrubs. Leaves alternate and simple. Ovary 2–5-celled. Fruit capsular.
13. Itea. Calyx 5-cleft, free from the 2-celled ovary, which becomes a septicidal capsule.
Tribe IV. RIBESIEÆ. Shrubs. Leaves alternate and simple, with stipules adnate to the petiole or wanting. Fruit a berry.
14. Ribes. Calyx-tube adnate to the 1-celled ovary. Placentas 2, parietal, many-seeded.
1. ASTÍLBE, Don. False Goatsbeard.
Flowers diœciously polygamous. Calyx 4–5-parted, small. Petals 4–5, spatulate, small, withering-persistent. Stamens 8 or 10. Ovary 2-celled, almost free, many-ovuled; styles 2, short. Capsule 2-celled, separating into 2 follicles, each ripening few seeds. Seed-coat loose and thin, tapering at each end.—Perennial herbs, with twice or thrice ternately-compound ample leaves, cut-lobed and toothed leaflets, and small white or yellowish flowers in spikes or racemes, which are disposed in a compound panicle. (Name composed of ἀ- privative and στίλβη, a bright surface, because the foliage is not shining.)
1. A. decándra, Don. Somewhat pubescent (3–5° high); leaflets mostly heart-shaped; petals minute or wanting in the fertile flowers, stamens 10.—Rich woods; mountains of S. W. Va. to N. C. and Ga. Closely imitating Spiræa Aruncus, but coarser.
2. SAXÍFRAGA, L. Saxifrage.
Calyx either free from or cohering with the base of the ovary, 5-cleft or parted. Petals 5, entire, imbricated in the bud, commonly deciduous. Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 2-beaked, 2-celled, opening down or between the beaks, or sometimes 2 almost separate follicles. Seeds numerous, with a close coat.—Chiefly perennial herbs, with the root-leaves clustered, those of the stem mostly alternate. (Name from saxum, a rock, and frango, to break; many species rooting in the clefts of rocks.)
[*] Stems prostrate, in tufts, leafy; leaves opposite; calyx free from the capsule.
1. S. oppositifòlia, L. (Mountain Saxifrage.) Leaves fleshy, ovate, keeled, ciliate, imbricated on the sterile branches (1–2´´ long); flowers solitary, large; petals purple, obovate, much longer than the 5-cleft-calyx.—Rocks, Willoughby Mountain, Vt., and northward. (Eu.)
[*][*] Stems ascending; leaves alternate; calyx coherent below with the capsule.
2. S. rivulàris, L. (Alpine Brook-S.) Small, stems weak, 3–5-flowered; lower leaves rounded, 3–5-lobed, on slender petioles, the upper lanceolate; petals white, ovate.—Alpine region of the White Mts., to Lab. (Eu.)
3. S. aizoìdes, L. (Yellow Mountain-S.) Low (3–5´ high), in tufts, with few or several corymbose flowers; leaves linear-lanceolate, entire, fleshy, distantly spinulose-ciliate; petals yellow, spotted with orange, oblong.—N. Vt. to S. W. New York, N. Mich., and northward. June. (Eu.)
4. S. tricuspidàta, Retz. Stems tufted (4–8´ high), naked above; flowers corymbose, leaves oblong or spatulate, with 3 rigid sharp teeth at the summit; petals obovate-oblong, yellow.—Shore of L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)
[*][*][*] Leaves clustered at the root; scape many-flowered, erect, clammy-pubescent.
[+] Petals all alike.
5. S. Aizòon, Jacq. Scape 5–10´ high; leaves persistent, thick, spatulate, with white cartilaginous toothed margins; calyx partly adherent; petals obovate, cream-color, often spotted at the base.—Moist rocks, Lab. to N. Vt., L. Superior, and northward. (Eu.)
6. S. Virginiénsis, Michx. (Early S.) Low (4–9´ high); leaves obovate or oval-spatulate, narrowed into a broad petiole, crenate-toothed, thickish; flowers in a clustered cyme, which is at length open and loosely panicled; lobes of the nearly free calyx erect, not half the length of the oblong obtuse (white) petals; follicles united merely at the base, divergent, purplish.—Exposed rocks and dry hillsides; N. Brunswick to Ga., and west to Minn., Ohio, and Tenn.; common, especially northward. April–June.
7. S. Pennsylvánica, L. (Swamp S.) Large (1–2° high); leaves oblanceolate, obscurely toothed (4–8´ long), narrowed at base into a short and broad petiole; cymes in a large oblong panicle, at first clustered; lobes of the nearly free calyx recurved, about the length of the linear-lanceolate (greenish) small petals; filaments awl-shaped, follicles at length divergent.—Bogs, N. Eng. to Va., west to Minn. and Iowa.
8. S. eròsa, Pursh. (Lettuce S.) Leaves oblong or oblanceolate, obtuse, sharply toothed, tapering into a margined petiole (8–12´ long); scape slender (1–3° high); panicle elongated, loosely flowered; pedicels slender; calyx reflexed, entirely free, nearly as long as the oval obtuse (white) petals; filaments club-shaped; follicles nearly separate, diverging, narrow, pointed, 2–3´´ long.—Cold mountain brooks, Penn. to Va. and N. C.
9. S. Forbèsii, Vasey. Stem stout, 2–4° high; leaves denticulate, oval to elongated oblong (4–8´ long); filaments filiform; follicles short, ovate; otherwise as in the last.—Shaded cliffs, near Makanda, S. Ill. (Forbes); E. Mo. (Lettermann.)
[+][+] Petals unequal, with claws, white, all or some of them with a pair of yellow spots near the base; leaves oblong, wedge-shaped or spatulate; calyx free and reflexed.
10. S. leucanthemifòlia, Michx. Leaves coarsely toothed or cut, tapering into a petiole; stems (5–18´ high) bearing one or more leaves or leafy bracts and a loose, spreading corymbose or paniculate cyme; petals lanceolate, the 3 larger ones with a heart-shaped base and a pair of spots, the 2 smaller with a tapering base and no spots.—Mts. of Va. to N. C. and Ga.
11. S. stellàris, L., var comòsa, Willd. Leaves wedge-shaped, more or less toothed; scape (4–5´ high) bearing a small contracted panicle,