Flowers monœcious or diœcious, whitish-bearded; stamens 4 or 3; pod 2–3-celled, 2–3-seeded. Eriocauleæ, 566
C. Glumaceous Division. Flowers destitute of proper perianth, except sometimes small scales or bristles, but covered by scale-like bracts or glumes.
Glume a single scale-like bract with a flower in its axil. Cyperaceæ, 567
Glumes in pairs, of two sorts. Gramineæ, 623
Class III. CRYPTOGAMOUS ACROGENS. (See p. 17.)
Subclass I. PTERIDOPHYTES: with woody fibres and vessels.
Spores of only one kind; spore-cases
Borne beneath shield-shaped scales in a terminal spike; stems naked, sheathed at the nodes. Equisetaceæ, 675
On the back or margin of fronds circinate in vernation. Filices, 678
Bivalvular, in special spikes or panicles; fronds erect in vernation, from short erect rootstocks. Ophioglossaceæ, 693
Solitary in the axils of leaves, 2–3-valved; low long-stemmed moss-like evergreens; leaves small, in 4–16 ranks. Lycopodiaceæ, 695
Spores of two kinds, large and small; spore-cases
Solitary in the axils of small 4-ranked leaves, or in the bases of linear radical leaves. Selaginellaceæ, 697
Enclosed in peduncled sporocarps; leaves 4-foliolate. Marsiliaceæ, 700
Sporocarps sessile beneath the stem; small, floating, pinnately branched, with minute imbricate leaves. Salviniaceæ, 701
Subclass II. BRYOPHYTES: with cellular tissue only. [Capsules not operculate, containing spores and usually elaters, in the following Orders.]
Capsule 4-valved, pedicellate; plants leafy-stemmed, rarely thallose. Jungermanniaceæ, 702
Capsule 2-valved or valveless; plants thallose.
Thallus without epidermis; capsule with a columella, short-pedicelled or sessile on the thallus. Anthocerotaceæ, 726
Capsules borne beneath a pedunculate receptacle. Marchantiaceæ, 727
Capsules immersed in the thallus or sessile upon it, indehiscent. Ricciaceæ, 730
ABBREVIATIONS
OF THE NAMES OF AUTHORS CITED IN THIS VOLUME.
Adans.—Adanson, Michel.
Ait.—Aiton, William.
Ait. f.—Aiton, William Townsend.
All.—Allioni, Carlo.
Anders.—Andersson, Nils Johan.
Arn.—Arnott, George A. Walker.
Aust.—Austin, Coe Finch.
Baldw.—Baldwin, William.
Bart.—Barton, William P. C.
Beauv.—Palisot de Beauvois, A. M. F. J.
Benth.—Bentham, George.
Benth. & Hook.—G. Bentham and J. D. Hooker.
Bernh.—Bernhardi, Johann Jacob.
Bess.—Besser, Wilhelm S. J. G. von.
Bieb.—Bieberstein, F. A. M. von.
Bigel.—Bigelow, Jacob.
Bisch.—Bischoff, Gottlieb Wilhelm.
Boeckl.—Boeckeler, Otto.
Boiss.—Boissier, Edmond.
Borkh.—Borkhausen, M. B.
Br., R. Br.—Brown, Robert.
Britt.—Britton, Nathaniel Lord.
Carr.—Carrière, Élie Abel.
Carring.—Carrington, Benjamin.
Cass.—Cassini, Henri.
Cav.—Cavanilles, Antonio Jose.
Cerv.—Cervantes, Vicente.
Cham.—Chamisso, Adalbert von.
Chapm.—Chapman, Alvan Wentworth.
Chois.—Choisy, Jacques Denis.
Clayt.—Clayton, John.
Cogn.—Cogniaux, Alfred.
Coult.—Coulter, John Merle.
Darl., Darling.—Darlington, William.
DC.—DeCandolle, Augustin Pyramus.
A. DC.—DeCandolle, Alphonse.
Decsne.—Decaisne, Joseph.
Desf.—Desfontaines, Réné Louiche.
Desv.—Desvaux, Nicaise Augustin.
Dicks.—Dickson, James.
Dill.—Dillenius, Johan Jacob.
Dougl.—Douglas, David.
Dufr.—Dufresne, Pierre.
Dumort.—Dumortier, Barthélemy C.
Eat.—Eaton, Amos.
Ehrh.—Ehrhart, Friedrich.
Ell.—Elliott, Stephen.
Endl.—Endlicher, Stephan L.
Engelm.—Engelmann, George.
Esch.—Eschscholtz, J. F.
Fisch.—Fischer, F. E. Ludwig von.
Foug.—Fougeroux, Auguste Denis.
Forst.—Forster, J. R. and George.
Froel.—Froelich, Joseph Aloys.
Gaertn.—Gaertner, Joseph.
Gaertn. f.—Gaertner, Carl Friedrich.
Gal.—Galeotti, Henri.
Gaud.—Gaudichaud-Beaupré, Charles.
Gey.—Geyer, Charles (Carl Andreas).
Ging.—Gingins de Lassaraz, F. C. J.
Glox.—Gloxin, Benjamin Peter.
Gmel.—Gmelin, Samuel Gottlieb.
Gooden.—Goodenough, Samuel.
Grev.—Greville, Robert Kaye.
Griseb.—Grisebach, Heinrich R. A.
Gronov.—Gronovius, Jan Fredrik.
Guss.—Gussone, Giovanni.
Hack.—Hackel, Eduard.
Hartm.—Hartman, Carl Johann.
Hassk.—Hasskarl, Justus Carl.
Hausskn.—Haussknecht, Carl.
Haw.—Haworth, Adrian Hardy.
HBK.—Humboldt, F. Alexander von, Aimé Bonpland, and C. S. Kunth.
Hegelm.—Hegelmaier,