ORDER I. FLAT STREIFLINGE.
1. They have the bulge at the same distance from the eye, as from the stalk, and are broadly flattened.—2. They are constantly half an inch broader than high.
ORDER II. TAPERING STREIFLINGE.
1. They are broader than high.—2. They diminish from the middle of the apple towards the eye, so that the superior half is conical, or pyramidal, and is not at all similiar to the inferior half.
ORDER III. OBLONG OR CYLINDRICAL STREIFLINGE.
1. The height and breath are almost equal.—2. They diminish gradually from the base to the apex.—3. Or from the middle of the fruit, they gradually diminish towards the base and apex equally.
ORDER IV. ROUND STREIFLINGE.
1. The convexity of the fruit next the base and the apex is the same.—2. The breadth does not differ from the height, except only about a quarter of an inch.—3. Laid in the hand with the eye and stalk sideways, they have the appearance of a roundish shape.
CLASS VI. TAPERING APPLES.
1. They have the cells regular.—2. They are not covered with bloom.—3. They are not striped, and are either of an uniform color, or washed with red on the side next the sun.—4. Constantly diminishing to a point towards the eye.—5. They are sweet, or vinous, approaching a pure acid.—6. They do not decay readily.
ORDER I. OBLONG, CYLINDRICAL, OR CONICAL.
Characters the same as Order III. of the Streiflinge.
ORDER II. TAPERING TO A POINT.
Characters the same as Order II. of the Streiflinge.
CLASS VII. FLAT APPLES.
1. They are constantly broader than high.—2. They are never striped.—3. They are either of an uniform color, or on the side exposed to the sun more or less washed or shaded with red.—4. They have regular cells.—5. They are not unctuous when handled.—6. They do not decay readily.—7. Flavor purely sweet or purely sour.
ORDER I. PURELY FLAT APPLES.
1. The difference is obvious to the eye.—2. The breadth is constantly half an inch more than the height.
ORDER II. ROUND-SHAPED FLAT APPLES.
1. The eye cannot easily detect a distinction between the breadth and height.—2. The breadth rarely exceeds the height by a quarter of an inch.—3. The fruit cut transversely, exhibits almost or quite two equal halves.
DOCHNAHL’S CLASSIFICATION.
SECTION I.
PLEUROIDEA.—ANGULAR OR RIBBED APPLES.
Having sharp or flat ribs, which extend over the length of the fruit, and are most prominent round the eye, where they are most generally situated.
CLASS I. MALA CYDONARIA.—QUINCE-SHAPED APPLES.
ORDER I. CALVILLA—CALVILLES.
1. They have large heart-shaped cells, open towards the axis, or often entirely torn; the cells extend very often from the stalk, even to the tube of the calyx.—2. They diminish from about the middle of the fruit, or a little above it towards the eye.—3. They are regular, and provided generally with fine ribs, which do not disfigure the fruit.—4. On the tree the fruit is covered with bloom.—5. They are never distinctly striped.—6. Their flesh is soft, loose, fine, and light, of a balsamic flavor, similar to that of strawberries or raspberries.—7. The eye is frequently closed.—8. Many of them acquire by keeping, an oily or unctuous skin.
GROUP I. FRUCTUS RUBRI—FRUIT RED.
The fruit almost entirely covered with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.—FRUIT TWO-COLORED.
Yellow, very much striped or washed with red.
GROUP 3. FRUCTUS LUTEI.—FRUIT YELLOW.
Of a whitish, greenish, or golden yellow.
ORDER II. PSEUDO-CALVILLA.—BASTARD CALVILLES.
1. The cells are the same as the true Calvilles, very large and open.—2. The calycinal tube is wide and generally very short.—3. They are slightly narrowed towards the eye, and flattened towards the stalk.—4. Their ribs are very prominent, especially round the eye.—5. They are aromatic, and have not the balsamic flavor of the true Calvilles.—6. Their flesh is fine, opaque, a little succulent, and almost equal to the Reinettes.
The Groups are the same as in the First Order.
CLASS II. MALA PYRARIA.—PEAR-SHAPED APPLES.
Their flavor is neither balsamic nor aromatic; they are purely sweet or acid, their flesh is granulous and loose.
ORDER I. TREMARIA.—SEEDS LOOSE.
1. These are almost always large apples, the skin of which is neither unctuous nor covered with bloom.—2. They are also furnished with ribs, but they are not so regular as in the Calvilles.—3. The cells are very large, irregular, widened, and generally open.—4. The calycinal tube is most generally widely conical, and does not extend to the cells.—5. They are of a flattened, conical, cylindrical, or pointed shape.—6. Their flesh is loose, more often a little coarse, and of a slight balsamic flavor.—7. The leaves of these trees are very large, rather deeply dentated, and less downy than those of the Calvilles and Bastard Calvilles.
GROUP 1. FRUCTUS UNICOLORES.—FRUIT SELF-COLORED.
Green, greenish-yellow, or golden yellow, and lightly tinged with red.
GROUP 2. FRUCTUS BICOLORES.—TWO COLORED.
Yellow or green, and distinctly striped or washed with red.
ORDER II. RAMBURA.—RAMBURES.
1. They are all very large.—2. They have almost always the two halves unequal.—3. They are constantly broader than high, and appear sometimes higher than they are.—4. They are not furnished with ribs except round the eye; these ribs are often irregular in numbers, and frequently form broad projections on the fruit.—5. They do not decay, but shrivel when they are past maturity.—6. The flesh is coarsely granulous, rarely aromatic, often, nevertheless, very agreeable.
GROUP 1. CAPSULIS AMPLIS.—CELLS WIDE.
GROUP 2. CAPSULIS ANGUSTIS.—CELLS NARROW.
SECTION II.
SPHÆROIDEA.—SPHERICAL APPLES.
They have sometimes prominences on the fruit and round the eye, but never true ribs.
CLASS III. MALA MESPILARIA.—MEDLAR-SHAPED APPLES.
Their flavor is sweet, aromatic, similar to that of the rose, fennel, or anise.
ORDER I. APIANA.—APIS OR