Method of learning Geography—Geography Becomes a Natural
Science—Natural History Taught by Objects—Lessons in Morality and
Religion given in a Similar Manner—Weights, Measures, and Geometry thus
Taught—Definition Learned through Objects—Spelling and Grammar in like
Manner—Great Effort on part of the Teacher … … … … . … .pp. 181–193
CHAPTER XVII.
THE LITTLE ITALIAN ORGAN-GRINDERS.
Italian Quarter in Five Points—Cruelty of the Padroni—Rev. Dr.
Hawks—Signor Cerqua—Description of the Five Points' Italian
Settlement—Characteristics of Poor Italians—Foundation of Italian
School in 1855—Opposition of Bigoted Italians—Anathemas of the
Priest—Increase of the School—Mental Improvement—Moral
Progress—Gratitude of Poor Italians—Visits among the Rookeries of the
Five Points—Dens in Baxter Street—Feeling of Italian Children towards
their Teacher—Assistants by American-Italians—Co-operation of the
Italian Government—Generosity of Italian Children to other
Charities … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … pp. 194–211
CHAPTER XVII.
THE "LAMBS" or COTTAGE PLACE.
Mr. Macy's Efforts—A Free Reading-room—Earnest Nature of the
Work—Self-sacrifice of Lady Volunteers—Miss Macy's Treatment of
Colored Children during the Riots—Good Effects of the School in
Preventing Thieving and Begging—Cottage-place School—The Little
Beggars of the First Ward—Application to Trinity Church—Mr. Lord's
Valuable Assistance—Interesting Incident—Reform of a Street-sweeper in
the "Lord School"—A Ragged School on St. John's Park—Fourteenth-ward
Industrial School—The Colored Poor—Other Industrial Schools—The
Shanty People near the Park—Interesting Night-school—Efforts to
prevent a New "Nineteenth street Gang"—No Children Admitted who can
attend Public Schools—Improvement In the Teaching—Superintendent of
Schools and Visitors … … … … … … … … … … … … … pp. 212–222
CHAPTER XIX.
THE BEST REMEDY FOR JUVENILE PAUPERISM.
Effects of Overcrowding—No Local Charities a Complete Remedy—Asylums
not Sufficient—Best Asylum, the "Farmer's Home"—Advantage in the
United States—Unlimited Demand for Labor—Best Remedy Emigration to the
West—Objections to the Plan—How they were Met—Incident of a
Waif—Humanity of our Countrywomen—Method of Placing Out the
Children—Difficulties of the Local Committees … … … . … .pp. 223–233
CHAPTER XX.
PROVIDING COUNTRY HOMES—THE OPPOSITION TO THIS REMEDY—ITS EFFECTS.
Hostility of Ignorant Roman Catholics—Objections of the
Poor—Opposition of the Asylum Interest—Arguments of the Asylum Plan
and for the Emigration Method—A Practical Test to Apply—Advantages of
the Discussion—Effort to Obtain Statistics—Figures of the Results in
the West—Testimony from Great Numbers of People—Wonderful
Improvement—Changes of Fortune—The Great Majority become Honest
Producers—Unlimited Demand from the West—No Indentures
Required—Virtues in both Plans—Opposition of Priests—Our Action
Unsectarian—Net Expenses for Each Emigrants—Amount of Returned Fares
Collected—All the Pauper Children of the City could be thus
Placed—Answer to Prof. Fawcett's Objection—Our Western Agents—Mr.
Tracy's Quaint Humor—Defective Children—No Accident has ever
Happened … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … pp. 234–245
CHAPTER XXI.
RESULTS AND FACTS OF EMIGRATION TO THE WEST.
Our First Party of Little Emigrants—A Description of the Waifs—Hard
Journey in Emigrant Cars—Excitement of the Boys in the
Country—Reception in the Western Village—Their Sweet Songs—The
Runaway—The Placing-out of the Boys—The Lost Boy Returned—A Later
Party to the West—Eagerness to Obtain the Children—Sympathy for the
Boys—The Fortune of the Deaf-mute—A Hungry Child Placed in a Good
Home—From the Gutter to the College—Once a New-York Pauper, now a
Western Farmer … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … pp. 246–270
CHAPTER XXII.
A PRACTICAL PHILANTHROPIST AMONG THE YOUNG ROUGHS.
A Description of the Office of the Children's Aid Society—Central Figure—Mr. Macy—Labors with his "Lambs" in Cottage Place—Stormy Meetings—His Influence over the Young Vagrants—The Growth of the Mission—His Humor—The Effect of His Sermon on Stealing—Contest of Wits—His Torments from the Girls—His Dread of Paupers—Efforts among the German Children—His Diplomatic Tact in Office-work—His Letters to the Children Stereotyped by the Thousand … … … … … . … .pp. 271–279
CHAPTER XXIII.
RAISING MONEY FOR A CHARITY.
Sensation to be Avoided—All Raffles and Pathetic Exhibitions
Declined—Our Experience with a Concert—Labors through the Pulpit and
the Press—Character of the Trustees who entered in the Work—Sources of
Income—Mr. Barnard's Bequest—Mr. Chauncy Rose's Great Benefaction—The
Income of a Single Year—Different Sources from which it is
Derived … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … … . … .pp. 280–285
CHAPTER XXIV.
REFORM AMONG THE ROWDIES—FREE READING-ROOMS.
They Require Peculiar Management to be Successful—The Eleventh-ward
Reading-room—Its Failure—A Reformed Pugilist—"Awful Gardner"-His
Career—The Death of His Son—His Reform—His