Kaliningrad – an ambivalent transnational region within a European-Russian scope. Evgeniy Chernyshev. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Evgeniy Chernyshev
Издательство: Издательские решения
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Жанр произведения: История
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isbn: 9785005602909
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knowledge about it is impossible. However, mastering of the land was not only meant as a mechanical recovery of material structures, but also as the cognition as an everyday practice. New residents of the Kaliningrad region created their own «world of presence» instead of alien; was create a new and comprehensive knowledge of the world.

      Settler was the «learning person» (homo scientis), who has extracted knowledge and shared it. The history of the development of a new cultural space is a history of its cognition. Kaliningrad was established not only politically and technologically, but was opened mentally. This is the basis for the emotional vision206.

      Texts, images, rituals, and monuments generate shared memory and general knowledge, as «anything can be a sign to encode the community». Everyday experiences, traditions, and memories of communities can be described as the «core of collective identity207». They form a «formative Text», which give answers to the question: «Who are we?»

      2.4. The Kaliningrad region as enclave: Theoretical and historical background

      The Enclave is a territory, which controlled from outside by a «motherland», an international organization or a transnational enterprise, which is lying outside the enclave. According to this definition, the Oblast may be an enclave: It is important that this Oblast is an integrated component of another state and controlled by this state. In this case, from the perspective of the administrative centre (Moscow) such area is an exclave

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      Примечания

      1

      Special Economic Zone has been established in 1996.

      2

      Matthes, Eckard: Regionales Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung im Gebiet Kaliningrad. Stufen seiner Entwicklung seit 1945. In: Matthes, Eckard (Hrsg.): Region. Internationales Forum für lokale, regionale und globale Entwicklung. S.87— 100.

      3

      Hoppe, Bert: Auf den Trümmern von Königsberg. Kaliningrad 1946 – 1970. München 2000.

      4

      Brodersen, Par: Die Stadt im Westen. Wie Königsberg Kaliningrad wurde. Göttingen 2008.

      5

      Andreychyk, Natalja; Gavrilina, Ludmila: Fenomen kaliningradskoj regionalnoj subkultury (sozialno-filosofskij i kulturologicheskij analiz). Kaliningrad 2011; Kostjashov, Juri: O nacionalnoj strukture, etnograficheskich osobennostyach i socio-kulturnoj adaptacii sovietskich pereselencev v Kaliningradskoj oblasti (1945—1950), In: Nacionalnye otnochenija v novoe i novejsheevremia: teorija i praktika, Kaliningrad 2000; Kretinin, Gennady: Ocherki istorii Vostochnoj Prussia, Kaliningrad 2004.

      6

      Nies Susanne. Kaliningrad – ne edinstvennij anklav, In: Pro et Contra, Vol. 8. №1, 2003; Vinokurov, Еvgenij: Teorija anklavov, Kaliningrad 2007.

      7

      The Federal Law of the Russian Federation dated by January 10, 2006 has a validity of ten years till 2016. Its termination and the loss of the benefits that it gives the Kaliningrad region, causes an anxiety among regional politicians and businessmen; http://www.rg.ru/2006/01/19/kaliningrad-dok.htm, accessed on 12. 10. 2014

      8

      Keating, Michael: Is there a regional level of government in Europe? In: Le Gales/Lequesne 1998.

      9

      Aronsson, Peter: The old cultural regionalism – and the new. In: Lancaster et al. (2007).

      10

      Neumann I. B.: European Identity, EU Expansion, and the Integration/Exclusion Nexus. In: Cederman, L.-E. (ed.): Constructing Europe’s Identity: The External Dimension. Boulder 2001, p. 141—164.

      11

      Browning, Christopher; Pertti, Joenniemi: The Identity of Kaliningrad: Russian, European or a Third Space? In: Tassinari, Fabrizio (ed.): The Baltic Sea Region in the European Union: Reflections on Identity, Soft-Security and Marginality. Berlin-Gdansk 2003.

      12

      Paasi, Anssi: Region and place: regional identity in question. In: Progress in human geography, 27/4 (2003).

      13

      Kostjashov, Yuri (ed.): Vostochhaja Prussija glazami sovetskih pereselencev: Pervije gody Kaliningradskoj oblasti v vospominanijach i dokumentah. Sankt-Peterburg 2002.

      14

      Matthes, Eckard: Problema obrazovanija Kaliningradskoj Oblasti v nemezkojistoriografii: obzor. In: Baltijskij region v mezhdynarodnych otnochenijach v novoe i novejshee vremia: materialy mezhdynarodnoy nauchnoy konferenzii, 10—11 Oktober 2003. Kaliningrad 2003. S.195—206.

      15

      Matthes, Eckard: Regionales Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung im Gebiet Kaliningrad. Stufen seiner Entwicklung seit 1945. In: Matthes, Eckhard (Hrsg.): Region. Internationales Forum für lokale, regionale und globale Entwicklung. S.87— 100; Matthes, Eckhard: Verbotene Erinnerung: die Wiederentdeckung der ostpreußischen Geschichte und regionales Bewusstsein der russischen Bevölkerung in Gebiet Kaliningrad 1945—2001. Bietigheim-Bissingen 2002.

      16

      Hoppe, Bert: Auf den Trümmern von Königsberg. Kaliningrad 1946 – 1970. München 2000.

      17

      Brodersen, Par: Die Stadt im Westen. Wie Königsberg Kaliningrad wurde. Göttingen 2008.

      18

      Sezneva, Olga: «We have never been German’: The Economy of Digging in Russian Kaliningrad. In: Calhoun, C.; Sennet, R. (eds.): Practising Culture. London, New York 2006; Sezneva, Olga: The dual history: politics of the past in Kaliningrad, former Koenigsb

Примечания

1

Special Economic Zone has been established in 1996.

2

Matthes, Eckard: Regionales Bewusstsein der Bevölkerung im Gebiet Kaliningrad. Stufen seiner Entwicklung seit 1945. In: Matthes, Eckard (Hrsg.): Region. Internationales Forum für lokale, regionale und globale Entwicklung. S.87— 100.

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<p>206</p>

Brodersen, Per: Op. cit., 13.

<p>207</p>

Giesen, Bernhard: Identität und Moderne. Frankfurt am Main 1999, p. 42.