Foundations of Chemistry. Philippa B. Cranwell

electronegative fluorine to create ...Figure 15.9 Commonly encountered activating and deactivating substituents.Figure 15.10 (a) Reaction of benzene with chlorine in the presence of AlCl₃;...Figure 15.11 Reaction of benzene with chlorine in the presence of aluminium(...Figure 15.12 Reaction of benzene with 2‐chloropropane in the presence of alu...Figure 15.13 Reaction of benzene with ethanoyl chloride in the presence of a...Figure 15.14 Reaction of nitric acid with H⁺ in sulfuric acid to generate th...Figure 15.15 Reaction of benzene with the nitronium ion to generate nitroben...Figure 15.16 (a) The named positions on a benzene ring in relation to a subs...Figure 15.17 (a) Phenol; (b) donation of a lone pair of electrons on oxygen ...Figure 15.18 Reaction of nitrobenzene with an alkyl chloride in the presence...Figure 15.19 (a) Aniline; (b) formation of aniline by reduction of nitrobenz...Figure 15.20 Reaction of diazobenzene with phenol to give an azo‐dye.

      17 Chapter 16Figure 16.1 Substitution of 2‐bromopropane with sodium hydroxide to give pro...Figure 16.2 (a) Overall reaction for substitution of 2‐iodo‐2‐methylpropane ...Figure 16.3 (a) Overall reaction for substitution of iodoethane with sodium ...Figure 16.4 An elimination reaction from the treatment of 2‐bromo‐2‐methylpr...Figure 16.5 The mechanism of an E1 elimination from the treatment of 2-bromo...Figure 16.6 (a) Overall reaction between 1‐bromopropane and NaOH to give pro...

      18 Chapter 17Figure 17.1 (a) Reduction of a ketone to give an alcohol. (b) Conversion of ...

      19 Chapter 18Figure 18.1 Combination of many monomers to give a polymer.Figure 18.2 (a) Combination of many ethene monomers to give polyethene. The ...Figure 18.3 (a) A hypothetical polyester. The repeat unit is highlighted; (b...Figure 18.4 (a) Combination of a 1,2‐diol and a diacyl chloride to give a po...

      20 Chapter 19Figure 19.1 A simple schematic of a mass spectrometer.Figure 19.2 Stretching and bending vibrations from absorbing infrared radiat...Figure 19.3 The infrared spectrum of propan‐1‐ol with the characteristic O—H...Figure 19.4 A illustrative section of the ¹H NMR spectrum for ethyl acetate ...Figure 19.5 A visual representation of the chemical shifts (δ) of protons in...Figure 19.6 Pascal’s triangle showing the relative intensities of the peaks ...

      Guide

      1  Cover Page

      2  Title Page

      3  Copyright Page

      4  Dedication Page

      5  Preface

      6  Acknowledgements

      7  Acknowledgements

      8  About the companion website

      9  Table of Contents

      10  Begin Reading

      11  Appendix

      12  Short end‐of‐chapter answers

      13  Index

      14  WILEY END USER LICENSE AGREEMENT

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