Societal Responsibility of Artificial Intelligence. Группа авторов. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: Группа авторов
Издательство: John Wiley & Sons Limited
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Техническая литература
Год издания: 0
isbn: 9781119831785
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people I met, this book would never have seen the light of day! I thank them very much.

      Introduction

      To the great promises that AI brings, it must meet a great human responsibility.

      The digital world is characterized by its immediacy, its density of information, its omnipresence, in contrast to the concrete world of things. Now, with the multiplication of means of connection, the decrease in technology costs, the new capacities of data collection and algorithmic processing, we realize that we can communicate elements of our environment that were silent until now. We are witnessing the multifaceted development of new information and communication technologies (NICTs), illustrated by the emergence of technologies associated with Big Data; connected objects; algorithms; nanotechnology, biotechnology, information technology, and cognitive science (NBIC); blockchain; artificial intelligence (AI); virtual and augmented reality; and even quantum computing. AI is developing at an extremely rapid pace. We should expect to see significant changes in our society as AI systems become embedded in many aspects of our lives.

      Consequently, this technoscientific context is conducive to the development of an increasingly important international cultural and intellectual movement, namely transhumanism, whose objective is to improve the physical and mental characteristics of human beings by relying on biotechnologies and other emerging technologies. This current of thought considers that certain states of the human condition such as illness, disability, pain, aging and death are not fatal in themselves and can be corrected or even eliminated.

      ALGORITHMIC PROCESSING.–

      BIG DATA.–

      Big Data, or megadata, sometimes referred to as massive data, refers to data sets that become so large that they are difficult to make use of with traditional database or information management tools. The term Big Data refers to a new discipline at the crossroads of several sectors such as technology, statistics, databases and business (marketing, finance, health, human resources, etc.). This phenomenon can be defined according to seven characteristics, the 7Vs (volume, variety, velocity, veracity, visualization, variability, value).

      BLOCKCHAIN.–

      Computer “block chain” is protected against any modification, each of which contains the identifier of its predecessor. The blockchain records a set of data such as a date, a cryptographic signature associated with the sender and a whole set of other specific elements. All these exchanges can be traced, consulted and downloaded free of charge on the Internet, by anyone who wishes to check the validity and non-falsification of the database in real time. The major advantage of this device is the ability to store a proof of information with each transaction in order to be able to prove later and at any moment the existence and content of this original information at a given moment. Its mission is, therefore, to create trust by protocolizing a digital asset or database by making it auditable.

      CROWDSOURCING.–

      A practice that corresponds to appealing to the general public or consumers to propose and create elements of the marketing policy (brand choice, slogan creation, video creation, product ideation/co-creation, etc.) or even to carry out marketing services. Within the framework of crowdsourcing, professional or amateur service providers can then be rewarded, remunerated or sometimes only valued when their creations are chosen by the advertiser or sometimes simply for their participation effort. Crowdsourcing has especially developed with the Internet, which favors the soliciting consumers or freelancers through specialized platforms.

      The idea of elaborating autonomous machines probably dates back to Greek antiquity with the automatons built by Hephaestus, reported notably in the Iliad (Marcinkowski and Wilgaux 2004). For Brian Krzanich, President and CEO of Intel (the world’s leading microprocessor manufacturer), AI is not only the next tidal wave in computing, but also the next major turning point in the history of humankind. It does not represent a classic computer program: it is more educated than programmed. It is clear that the AI lawsuit has mixed fantasy, science fiction and long-term futurology, forgetting even the basic definitions of the latter.

      DEEP LEARNING.–