The 2002 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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      Introduction

      Denmark

      Background: Once the seat of Viking raiders and later a major north European power, Denmark has evolved into a modern, prosperous nation that is participating in the general political and economic integration of Europe. However, the country has opted out of European Union's Maastricht Treaty, the European monetary system (EMU), and issues concerning certain internal affairs.

      Geography Denmark

      Location: Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea and the North Sea, on a peninsula north of Germany (Jutland); also includes two major islands (Sjaelland and Fyn)

      Geographic coordinates: 56 00 N, 10 00 E

      Map references: Europe

      Area: total: 43,094 sq km water: 700 sq km note: includes the island of Bornholm in the Baltic Sea and the rest of metropolitan Denmark (the Jutland Peninsula, and the major islands of Sjaelland and Fyn), but excludes the Faroe Islands and Greenland land: 42,394 sq km

      Area - comparative: slightly less than twice the size of Massachusetts

      Land boundaries: total: 68 km border countries: Germany 68 km

      Coastline: 7,314 km

      Maritime claims: continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM

      Climate: temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers

      Terrain: low and flat to gently rolling plains

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Lammefjord -7 m highest point: Yding

       Skovhoej 173 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, fish, salt, limestone, stone, gravel and sand

      Land use: arable land: 56% permanent crops: 0% other: 44% (1998 est.)

      Irrigated land: 4,760 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards: flooding is a threat in some areas of the country (e.g., parts of Jutland, along the southern coast of the island of Lolland) that are protected from the sea by a system of dikes

      Environment - current issues: air pollution, principally from vehicle and power plant emissions; nitrogen and phosphorus pollution of the North Sea; drinking and surface water becoming polluted from animal wastes and pesticides

      Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Air

       Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants,

       Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile

       Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,

       Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species,

       Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Dumping, Marine Life

       Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution,

       Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands, Whaling signed, but

       not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Law of the Sea

      Geography - note: controls Danish Straits (Skagerrak and Kattegat) linking Baltic and North Seas; about one-quarter of the population lives in greater Copenhagen

      People Denmark

      Population: 5,368,854 (July 2002 est.)

      Age structure: 0-14 years: 18.7% (male 514,589; female 488,121) 15-64 years: 66.4% (male 1,806,722; female 1,760,149) 65 years and over: 14.9% (male 334,599; female 464,674) (2002 est.)

      Population growth rate: 0.29% (2002 est.)

      Birth rate: 11.74 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Death rate: 10.81 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Net migration rate: 2.01 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)

      Sex ratio: at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.05 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.72 male(s)/female total population: 0.98 male(s)/female (2002 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 4.97 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: 79.67 years (2002 est.) male: Total fertility rate: 1.73 children born/woman (2002 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate: 0.17% (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS: 4,300 (1999 est.)

      HIV/AIDS - deaths: less than 100 (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Dane(s) adjective: Danish

      Ethnic groups: Scandinavian, Inuit, Faroese, German, Turkish, Iranian,

       Somali

      Religions: Evangelical Lutheran 95%, other Protestant and Roman Catholic 3%, Muslim 2%

      Languages: Danish, Faroese, Greenlandic (an Inuit dialect), German (small minority) note: English is the predominant second language

      Literacy: definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 100% male: NA% female: NA%

      Government Denmark

      Country name: Kingdom of Denmark conventional short form: Government type: constitutional monarchy

      Capital: Copenhagen

      Administrative divisions: metropolitan Denmark - 14 counties (amter, singular - amt) and 2 kommunes*; Arhus, Bornholm, Fredericksberg*, Frederiksborg, Fyn, Kobenhavn, Kobenhavns*, Nordjylland, Ribe, Ringkobing, Roskilde, Sonderjylland, Storstrom, Vejle, Vestsjalland, Viborg note: see separate entries for the Faroe Islands and Greenland, which are part of the Kingdom of Denmark and are self-governing overseas administrative divisions

      Independence: first organized as a unified state in 10th century; in 1849 became a constitutional monarchy

      National holiday: none designated; Constitution Day, 5 June is generally viewed as the National Day

      Constitution: 1849 was the original constitution; there was a major overhaul 5 June 1953, allowing for a unicameral legislature and a female chief of state

      Legal system: civil law system; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations

      Suffrage: 18 years of age; universal

      Executive branch: chief of state: Queen MARGRETHE II (since 14 January 1972); Heir Apparent Crown Prince FREDERIK, elder son of the monarch (born 26 May 1968) head of government: Prime Minister Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN (since 27 November 2001) cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister and approved by Parliament elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the party that wins the most seats is usually appointed prime minister by the monarch

      Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament or Folketing (179 seats, including 2 from Greenland and 2 from the Faroe Islands; members are elected by popular vote on the basis of proportional representation to serve four-year terms) elections: results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Liberal Party 56, Social Democrats 52, Danish People's Party 22, Conservative Party 16, Socialist People's Party 12, Social Liberal Party 9, Christian People's Party 4, Unity List 4; note - does not include the 2 seats from Greenland and the 2 seats from the Faroe Islands

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court (judges are appointed by the monarch for life)

      Political parties and leaders: Center Democratic Party [Mimi JAKOBSEN]; Christian People's Party [Jann SJURSEN]; Conservative Party (sometimes known as Conservative People's Party) [Bendt BENDTSEN]; Danish People's Party [Pia KJAERSGAARD]; Liberal Party [Anders Fogh RASMUSSEN]; Social Democratic Party [Poul Nyrup RASMUSSEN]; Social Liberal Party (sometimes called the Radical Left) [Marianne JELVED, leader; Johannes LEBECH, chairman]; Socialist People's Party [Holger K. NIELSEN]; Red-Green Unity List (bloc includes Left Socialist Party, Communist Party