The Nuremberg Trials (Vol.1). International Military Tribunal

their liberty, thrown into concentration camps where they were murdered and ill-treated. Their property was confiscated. Hundreds of thousands of Jews were so treated before 1 September 1939.

      Since 1 September 1939, the persecution of the Jews was redoubled: millions of Jews from Germany and from the occupied Western Countries were sent to the Eastern Countries for extermination.

      Particulars by way of example and without prejudice to the production of evidence of other cases are as follows:

      The Nazis murdered amongst others Chancellor Dollfuss, the Social Democrat Breitscheid, and the Communist Thälmann. They imprisoned in concentration camps numerous political and religious personages, for example Chancellor Schuschnigg and Pastor Niemöller.

      In November 1938, by orders of the Chief of the Gestapo, anti-Jewish demonstrations all over Germany took place. Jewish property was destroyed, 30,000 Jews were arrested and sent to concentration camps and their property confiscated.

      Under paragraph VIII (A), above, millions of the persons there mentioned as having been murdered and ill-treated were Jews.

      Among other mass murders of Jews were the following:

      At Kislovdosk all Jews were made to give up their property: 2,000 were shot in an anti-tank ditch at Mineraliye Vodi: 4,300 other Jews were shot in the same ditch.

      60,000 Jews were shot on an island on the Dvina near Riga.

      20,000 Jews were shot at Lutsk.

      32,000 Jews were shot at Sarny.

      60,000 Jews were shot at Kiev and Dniepropetrovsk.

      Thousands of Jews were gassed weekly by means of gas-wagons which broke down from overwork.

      As the Germans retreated before the Soviet Army they exterminated Jews rather than allow them to be liberated. Many concentration camps and ghettos were set up in which Jews were incarcerated and tortured, starved, subjected to merciless atrocities, and finally exterminated.

      About 70,000 Jews were exterminated in Yugoslavia.

      XI. Individual, Group and Organization Responsibility for the Offense Stated in Count Four

      Reference is hereby made to Appendix A of this Indictment for a statement of the responsibility of the individual defendants for the offense set forth in this Count Four of the Indictment. Reference is hereby made to Appendix B of this Indictment for a statement of the responsibility of the groups and organizations named herein as criminal groups and organizations for the offense set forth in this Count Four of the Indictment.

      Wherefore, this Indictment is lodged with the Tribunal in English, French, and Russian, each text having equal authenticity, and the charges herein made against the above named defendants are hereby presented to the Tribunal.

	/s/	ROBERT H. JACKSON.
		Acting on Behalf of the United States of America.
	/s/	FRANÇOIS DE MENTHON.
		Acting on Behalf of the French Republic.
	/s/	HARTLEY SHAWCROSS.
		Acting on Behalf of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
	/s/	R. RUDENKO.
		Acting on Behalf of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics.

      Berlin, 6 October 1945.