The Law of Nations. Emer de Vattel

93. Other cases:—two of the parties in an alliance coming to a rupture,

       94. Refusal of the succours due in virtue of an alliance,

       95. The enemy’s associates,

       96. Those who make a common cause with the enemy are his associates,

       97. and those who assist him, without being obliged to it by treaties,

       98. or who are in an offensive alliance with him,

       99. How a defensive alliance associates with the enemy,

       100. Another case,

       101. In what case it does not produce the same effect, <xlv>

       102. Whether it be necessary to declare war against the enemy’s associates,

       CHAPTER VII Of Neutrality,—and the Passage of Troops through a Neutral Country.

       103. Neutral nations,

       104. Conduct to be pursued by a neutral nation,

       105. An ally may furnish the succour due from him, and remain neuter,

       106. Right of remaining neuter,

       107. Treaties of neutrality,

       108. Additional reason for making those treaties,

       109. Foundation of the rules of neutrality,

       110. How levies may be allowed, money lent, and every kind of things sold, without a breach of neutrality,

       111. Trade of neutral nations with those which are at war,

       112. Contraband goods,

       113. Whether such goods may be confiscated,

       114. Searching neutral ships,

       115. Enemy’s property on board a neutral ship,

       116. Neutral property on board an enemy’s ship,

       117. Trade with a besieged town,

       118. Impartial offices of neutrals,

       119. Passage of troops through a neutral country,

       120. Passage to be asked,

       121. It may be refused for good reasons,

       122. In what case it may be forced,

       123. The fear of danger authorises a refusal,

       124. or a demand of every reasonable security,

       125. Whether always necessary to give every kind of security required,

       126. Equality to be observed towards both parties, as to the passage,

       127. No complaint lies against a neutral state for granting a passage,

       128. That state may refuse it from fear of the resentment of the opposite party,

       129. and lest her country should become the theatre of war,

       130. What is included in the grant of passage,

       131. Safety of the passage,

       132. No hostility to be committed in a neutral country,

       133. Neutral country not to afford a retreat to troops, that they may again attack their enemies,

       134. Conduct to be pursued by troops passing through a neutral country,

       135. A passage may be refused for a war evidently unjust, <xlvi>

       CHAPTER VIII Of the Rights of Nations in War,—and first, of what we have a Right to do, and what we are allowed to do, to the Enemy’s Person in a just War.

       136. General principle of the rights against an enemy in a just war,

       137. Difference between what we have a right to do, and what is barely allowed to be done with impunity between enemies,

       138. The right to weaken an enemy by every justifiable method,

       139. The right over the enemy’s person,

       140. Limits of that right:—an enemy not to be killed after ceasing to resist;

       141. A particular case, in which quarter may be refused,

       142. Reprisals,

       143. Whether a governor of a town can be punished with death for an obstinate defence,

       144. Fugitives and deserters,

       145. Women, children, the aged, and sick,