Lilac 4th, a thorough-bred Cow, bred regularly up to nineteen years old, and died in 1861.
Scale of Points for Short Horn Bulls.
| Points. | |
| Art. 1.—Purity of breed on male and female side; sire and dam reputed for docility of disposition, early maturity, and aptitude to fatten. Sire a good stock getter. Dam a good breeder, and giving a large quantity of milk, or such as is superior for making butter or cheese. | 4 |
| Art. 2.—Head muscular and fine. The horns fine and gradually diminishing to a point; of a flat, rather than of a round shape at the base; short and inclined to turn up; those of a clear, waxy color to be preferred, but such as are of a transparent white, slightly tinged with yellow, admissible. Ears small, thin, and covered with soft hair; playing quick and moving freely. Forehead short and broad, especially between the eyes, and slightly dished. Eyes bright, placid, and rather prominent than otherwise, with a yellow rim round them. Lower part of the face clean, dished, and well developing the course of the veins. Muzzle small. Nose of a clear orange or light chocolate color. Nostrils wide and open. Lower jaw thin. Teeth clean and sound. | 5 |
| Art. 3.—Neck fine, and slightly arched; strongly and well set on to the head and shoulders; harmoniously widening, deepening, and rounding as it approaches the latter point. No dewlap. | 2 |
| Art. 4.—Chest broad, deep and projecting—the brisket on a lower line than the belly. | 5 |
| Art. 5.—Shoulders broad, strong, fine, and well placed. Fore legs short, straight, and standing rather wide apart than narrow. Fore arm muscular, broad, and powerful; slightly swelling and full above the knee; the bone fine and flat. Knees well knit and strong. Foot flat and in shape of an oblong semi-circle; horn of the hoof sound, and of a clear, waxy color. | 2 |
| Art. 6.—Barrel round and deep, and well ribbed up the hips. | 4 |
| Art. 7.—Back short, strong, straight and broad from the withers to the setting of the tail. Crops round and full. Loins broad. Huckle bones on a level with the back. Tail well set, on a level with the back, or very slightly below it; fine and gradually diminishing to a point, and hanging without the brush an inch or so below the hock, at right angles with the back. | 4 |
| Art. 8.—Hind quarters from the huckle to the point of the rump, long and well filled up. Twist well let down and full. Hind legs short, straight, and well spread apart; gradually swelling and rounding above the hock; the bone fine and flat below. Foot flat, and in shape making an oblong semi-circle. Horn of the hoof sound, and of a clear, waxy color. Legs not to cross each other in walking, nor to straddle behind. | 3 |
| Art. 9.—Skin of a medium thickness; movable and mellow; a white color is admissible, but a rich cream or orange much preferable. Hair well covering the hide; soft and fine, and if undercoated with soft, thick fur in the winter, so much the better. Color, pure white, red roan, bright red, or reddish yellow and white. (A black or dark brown nose or rim round the eye; black or dark spots on the skin and hair decidedly objectional, and indicative of coarse meat and bad blood.) | 3 |
| Art. 10.—Good handling. | 4 |
| Art. 11.—Sure stock-getter. | 4 |
| Art. 12.—Stock, when made steers, certain to feed kindly for beeves at any age, and make prime beef. | 5 |
| Art. 13.—General appearance. | 2 |
| Perfection. | 50 |
Scale of Points for Short Horn Cows.
| Points. | |
| Art. 1.—Purity of breed on male and female side; sire and dam reputed for docility of disposition, early maturity and aptitude to fatten. Sire a good stock getter. Dam a good breeder; giving a large quantity of milk, or such as is superior for making butter or cheese. | 7 |
| Art. 2.—Head small and tapering; longer and narrower in proportion than that of the bull. Horns fine and gradually diminishing to a point; of a flat rather than of a round shape at the base; short, and inclined to turn up; those of a clear waxy color to be preferred, but such as are of a transparent white slightly tinged with yellow, admissible. Ears small, thin, and well covered with soft hair; playing quick and moving freely. Forehead of good breadth between the eyes, and slightly dished. Eyes bright, placid, and rather prominent than otherwise, with a yellow rim round them. The lower part of the face clean, dished, and well developing the course of the veins. Muzzle small. Nose of a clear orange, or light chocolate color—the former much preferred. Nostrils wide and well opened. Lower jaw thin. Teeth clear and sound. | 5 |
| Art. 3.—Neck fine and thin, straight, and well set on to the head and shoulders, harmoniously widening, deepening, and slightly rounding in a delicate feminine manner as it approaches the latter point. No dewlap. | 2 |
| Art. 4.—Shoulders fine and well placed. Fore legs short, straight, and well spread apart. Fore arm wide, muscular, slightly swelling, and full above the knee; the bone fine and flat below. Knees well knit and strong. Foot flat and in shape of an oblong semi-circle. Horn of the hoof sound, and of a clear waxy color. | 2 |
| Art. 5.—Chest broad, deep and projecting—the brisket on a lower line than the belly. | 5 |
| Art. 6.—Barrel round, deep, and well ribbed up to the hips. | 4 |
| Art. 7.—Back short, strong and straight, from the withers to the setting of the tail. Crop round and full. Loin broad. Huckle bones on a level with the back. Tail well set, on a level with the back or very slightly below it; fine and gradually diminishing to a point; and hanging without the brush, an inch or so below the hock, at right angles with the back. | 4 |
| Art. 8.—Hind quarters from the huckles to the point of the rump long and well filled up. Twist well let down and full. Hind legs short, straight, and well spread apart; gradually swelling and rounding above the hock; the bone fine and flat below. Foot flat and in shape of an oblong semi-circle. Horn of the hoof sound and of a clear waxy color. Legs not to cross each other in walking, nor to straddle behind. | 3 |
|
Art. 9.—Udder broad, full, extending well forward along the belly, and well up behind. Teats of a good size for the hand; squarely placed with a slight oblique pointing out; wide apart; when
|