59Yu YY, Sun CX, Liu YK, Li Y, Wang L, Zhang W: Genome-wide screen of ovary-specific DNA methylation in polycystic ovary syndrome. Fertil Steril 2015;104:145–53.e6.
60Stouffer RL, Woodruff TK: Nonhuman primates: a vital model for basic and applied research on female reproduction, prenatal development, and women’s health. ILAR J 2017;58:281–294.
61Abbott DH, Bruns CR, Barnett DK, Dunaif A, Goodfriend TL, Dumesic DA, Tarantal AF: Experimentally induced gestational androgen excess disrupts glucoregulation in rhesus monkey dams and their female offspring. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010;299:E741–E751.
62Sullivan EL, Rivera HM, True CA, Franco JG, Baquero K, Dean TA, Valleau JC, Takahashi DL, Frazee T, Hanna G, Kirigiti MA, Bauman LA, Grove KL, Kievit P: Maternal and postnatal high-fat diet consumption programs energy balance and hypothalamic melanocortin signaling in nonhuman primate offspring. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017;313:R169–R179.
63Nicol LE, O’Brien TD, Dumesic DA, Grogan T, Tarantal AF, Abbott DH: Abnormal infant islet morphology precedes insulin resistance in PCOS-like monkeys. PLoS One 2014;9:e106527.
64Martin B, Sacks DA: The global burden of hyperglycemia in pregnancy – trends from studies in the last decade. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018;pii:S0168-8227(18)30490X.
65Goy RW, Robinson JA: Prenatal exposure of rhesus monkeys to patent androgens: morphological, behavioral and physiological consequences. Banbury Report 1982;11:355.
66Zehr JL, Van Meter PE, Wallen K: Factors regulating the timing of puberty onset in female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): role of prenatal androgens, social rank, and adolescent body weight. Biol Reprod 2005;72:1087–1094.
67Abbott DH, Hoffman SE Horton TH, Terasawa E, Levine JE: Accelerated episodic luteinizing hormone release accompanies blunted progesterone regulation in PCOS-like female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) exposed to testosterone during early-to-mid gestation. Neuroendocrinology 2018;107:133–146.
68Daniels TL, Berga SL: Resistance of gonadotropin releasing hormone drive to sex steroid-induced suppression in hyperandrogenic anovulation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1997;82:4179–4183.
69Eagleson CA, Gingrich MB, Pastor CL, Arora TK, Burt CM, Evans WS, Marshall JC: Polycystic ovarian syndrome: evidence that flutamide restores sensitivity of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone pulse generator to inhibition by estradiol and progesterone. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2000;85:4047–4052.
70Dumesic DA, Schramm RD, Peterson E, Paprocki AM, Zhou R, Abbott DH: Impaired developmental competence of oocytes in adult prenatally androgenized female rhesus monkeys undergoing gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2002;87:1111–1119.
71Broughton DE, Moley KH: Obesity and female infertility: potential mediators of obesity’s impact. Fertil Steril 2017;107:840–847.
72Dumesic DA, Patankar MS, Barnett DK, Lesnick TG, Hutcherson BA, Abbott DH: Early prenatal androgenization results in diminished ovarian reserve in adult female rhesus monkeys. Hum Reprod 2009;24:3188–3195.
73Ahmad AK, Kao CN, Quinn M, Lenhart N, Rosen M, Cedars MI, Huddleston H: Differential rate in decline in ovarian reserve markers in women with polycystic ovary syndrome compared with control subjects: results of a longitudinal study. Fertil Steril 2018;109:526–531.
74Keller E, Chazenbalk GD, Aguilera P, Madrigal V, Grogan T, Elashoff D, Dumesic DA, Abbott DH: Impaired preadipocyte differentiation into adipocytes in subcutaneous abdominal adipose of PCOS-like female rhesus monkeys. Endocrinology 2014;155:2696–2703.
75Pervin S, Singh V, Tucker A, Collazo J, Singh R: Modulation of transforming growth factor-β/follistatin signaling and white adipose browning: therapeutic implications for obesity related disorders. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2017;31(2).
76Sam S: Differential effect of subcutaneous abdominal and visceral adipose tissue on cardiometabolic risk. Horm Mol Biol Clin Investig 2018;33(1).
77Bishop CV, Stouffer RL, Takahashi DL, Mishler EC, Wilcox MC, Slayden OD, True CA: Chronic hyperandrogenemia and western-style diet beginning at puberty reduces fertility and increases metabolic dysfunction during pregnancy in young adult, female macaques. Hum Reprod 2018;33:694–705.
78Berni TR, Morgan CL, Berni ER, Rees DA: Polycystic ovary syndrome is associated with adverse mental health and neurodevelopmental outcomes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2018;103:2116–2125.
79Thornton J, Zehr JL, Loose MD: Effects of prenatal androgens on rhesus monkeys: a model system to explore the organizational hypothesis in primates. Horm Behav 2009;55:633–645.
80Manti M, Fornes R, Qi X, Folmerz E, Lindén Hirschberg A, de Castro Barbosa T, Maliqueo M, Benrick A, Stener-Victorin E: Maternal androgen excess and obesity induce sexually dimorphic anxiety-like behavior in the offspring. FASEB J 2018;32:4158–4171.
81Rogers J, Raveendran M, Fawcett GL, Fox AS, Shelton SE, Oler JA, Cheverud J, Muzny DM, Gibbs RA, Davidson RJ, Kalin NH: CRHR1 genotypes, neural circuits and the diathesis for anxiety and depression. Mol Psychiatry 2013;18:700–707.
82Hogg K, Young JM, Oliver EM, Souza CJ, McNeilly AS, Duncan WC: Enhanced thecal androgen production is prenatally programmed in an ovine model of polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinology 2012;153:450–461.
83Ortega HH, Salvetti NR, Padmanabhan V: Developmental programming: prenatal androgen excess disrupts ovarian steroid receptor balance. Reproduction. 2009;137:865–877.
84Veiga-Lopez A, Moeller J, Abbott DH, Padmanabhan V: Developmental programming: rescuing disruptions in preovulatory follicle growth and steroidogenesis from prenatal testosterone disruption. J Ovarian Res 2016;9:39.