10 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 One example of fabrication and optical characteristics of thin‐f...Figure 10.2 (a) UV–visible reflectance spectrum of a polycrystalline sample ...Figure 10.3 (a) SEM photographs of porous polymeric microspheres: 50% (A), 1...Figure 10.4 (A) Cross‐sectional view of an R‐ECD cell. (B) Schematic represe...Figure 10.5 Schematic of ion diffusion paths in (a) PANI films and (b,c) PAN...Figure 10.6 (A) SEM and TEM images of PMMA nanoparticles (left) and [email protected] 10.7 Polyaniline/manganese dioxide hybrid films are prepared via one‐...Figure 10.8 (a) Various pixel designs with the corresponding printed images ...Figure 10.9 Full‐color plasmonic electrochromic electrodes. (a) Schematic di...Figure 10.10 (Au nanocrystal)@PANI nanostructures. (a) Schematic illustratin...Figure 10.11 (a) Schematic diagram and photograph of preparation of PANI/PSS...Figure 10.12 Preparation of DG‐structured conjugated polymer electrodes. (a)...Figure 10.13 (a) The procedure of WDENs preparation and (b) SEM image of TQ1...Figure 10.14 The scheme of the nanostructure PEDOT and the film processing [...
11 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 Road map of electroluminochromic materials.Figure 11.2 Working mechanisms of electroluminochromic materials. (a) Intrin...Figure 11.3 Typical structures of small molecular dyads.Figure 11.4 (a,b) Electroluminochromic performances of tetrazine dyads [20]....Figure 11.5 Redox‐active moiety and PH‐sensitive luminophores ELC system mec...Figure 11.6 Typical structures of electroactive molecular luminophores.Figure 11.7 (a) EC and EFC performance of M9 [25].(b) EFC performance of...Figure 11.8 (a) EFC performance of M13 [13].(b) EC and EFC performance o...Figure 11.9 Chemical structures of ELC transition metal complexes.Figure 11.10 ELC properties and mechanism of C5a–d in acetonitrile solution ...Figure 11.11 ELC properties and mechanism of C6a–d in acetonitrile solution ...Figure 11.12 (a) Chemical structures of ELC poly(p‐phenylene vinylene), (b) ...Figure 11.13 (a) Chemical structures of fluorene‐based poly(amide) and (b) c...Figure 11.14 Fluorescence switching of polyamide at different voltage (a) P3...Figure 11.15 Electrofluorochromic performance of (a) P7 [42].(b) P8 [43]...Figure 11.16 Photoluminescence spectra of P9c (a), P9a (b), and P9b (c) thin...Figure 11.17 Chemical structures of EFC poly(imides).Figure 11.18 EFC behaviors of P10a and bending performance of the single‐lay...Figure 11.19 EC behaviors (a) and EFC performance (b) of P12a [47].Figure 11.20 (a–d) Structure of TPA‐based ELC‐conjugated polymers and (b) EF...Figure 11.21 Chemical structure of fluorene‐based ELC‐conjugated polymers.Figure 11.22 (a) White ELC devices using P16b and P18b [48].(b) ELC perf...Figure 11.23 Chemical structure of ProDOT‐based ELC‐conjugated polymers.Figure 11.24 ELC performance of (a) P20 [58].(b) P21a [59].Figure 11.25 Chemical structure of carbazole‐based ELC‐conjugated polymers....Figure 11.26 ELC hybrid nanocomposite films (a) CdTe QDs and poly(methylene ...
12 Chapter 12Figure 12.1 PECD technology development.Figure 12.2 Parts of PECDs.Figure 12.3 Management of the solar spectrum [16].Figure 12.4 Schematic of DSSC [21].Figure 12.5 (a) Schematic of PVCC and (b) transient optical transmittance at...Figure 12.6 Optical transmittance change vs time of the PECD [14].Figure 12.7 Schematic diagram of the large‐scale ITO‐free PECSW based on ECD...Figure 12.8 (a) Schematic of combined‐type PECD and (b) the transmittance of...Figure 12.9 Pictures of the bleached and colored state of the PECD (a–d) and...Figure 12.10 Pictures of a DSSC‐driven EC smart window under illumination of...Figure 12.11 (a) Schematic of perovskite‐based PECD, (b) bleached state, and...Figure 12.12 Schematics of the device structure and working principle of the...Figure 12.13 Scheme of a bulk‐heterojunction organic device.Figure 12.14 (a) Schematic representation of device structure and (b) photog...Figure 12.15 The three common viologen redox states.Figure 12.16 Scheme of the PECD. (a) F‐doped SnO2 glass, (b) TiO2 layer cont...Figure 12.17 TX‐VIO molecular structure, time resolved fluorescence decays, ...Figure 12.18 Schematics of device structure and redox process [55].Figure 12.19 PEDOT‐F.Figure 12.20 Energy diagram and working principle of a dye‐sensitized solar ...Figure 12.21 Schematic design of the PECD and the chemical structure of PPro...Figure 12.22 The oxidation and reduction of ProDOT‐Et2.Figure 12.23 Some redox states of polyaniline, from the fully reduced (leuco...Figure 12.24 CV curves for WO3 film, sulfuric acid‐doped PANI film, and PANI...Figure 12.25 (a) Schematic diagram of PPy/Al device, (b) working mechanism f...Figure 12.26 Spectroelectrochemistry of PEDOT at different oxidation states ...Figure 12.27 ITO‐free device structure [94].
13 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 Road map of application of OEC technology development.Figure 13.2 Structure of electrochromic smart windows.Figure 13.3 The R2R production. (a) Schematic and detail. (b) Photograph of ...Figure 13.4 Electrical, optical, and mechanical properties of AgNF network. ...Figure 13.5 Fabrication and properties of AgNF ECSW. Structural schematic (a...Figure 13.6 The effect of auto‐dimming mirror.Figure 13.7 Reaction conditions for the preparation of latent pigment 3–4 st...Figure 13.8 Reflectivity spectra of a thin film of 3 adsorbed on a TLC silic...Figure 13.9 (a) Reflectivity spectra of a thin film of 4 on a TLC silica pla...Figure 13.10 Comparison between methylene blue (c,d) and poly(p‐xylylviologe...Figure 13.11 UV–vis spectra of methylene blue (a), poly(butylviologen dibrom...Figure 13.12 The schematic image of the self‐powered photoelectrochemical de...Figure 13.13 The color change of WO3 with an increase of PPi concentration....Figure 13.14 Schematic of the organic electrochromic timer for enzymatic ski...Figure 13.15 The color change of PEDOT:PSS when time goes by.Figure 13.16 Synthesis route of DTP‐alkoxy‐NH2 monomer.Figure 13.17 Electrochromic colors of P(DTP) films at various potentials and...Figure 13.18 Calibration curves for the detection of glucose (in a pH 7 buff...Figure 13.19 Synthetic procedure of the TTzFr.Figure 13.20 Optimization of the (a) cycle number; (b) enzyme amount on bios...Figure 13.21 Electrochromic biosensor and its operating principle. (a,b) Pho...Figure 13.22 Captures of the display 30 seconds after the addition of differ...Figure 13.23 Schematic diagram of the experimental steps involved in the stu...Figure 13.24 (a) Color‐mixing scheme and (b) resulting EC material thin film...Figure 13.25 Transmittance change (ΔT, %) (a) at 580 nm of the Fe–MEPE ECD a...Figure 13.26 (a) Color change between −3 and 3 V of Fe–MEPE ECD under flat c...Figure 13.27 (a) Schematic illustration of the device concept. A photosensor...Figure 13.28 The bending test of the device. (a) Demonstration of device ope...Figure 13.29 Illustration of the concept of a chameleon‐inspired e‐skin. Als...Figure 13.30 An interactive color‐changing and tactile‐sensing e‐skin. Seque...Figure 13.31 (a) The molecular structure of G1, G2, and G3 and (b–d) the app...Figure 13.32 Spectroelectrochemistry of PG1, PG2, and PG3 film on an ITO‐coa...Figure 13.33 (a) The appearance of PG3 and in a DCM or TOL solution. Images ...Figure 13.34 (a) The rear camera cannot be detected when it is not needed. (...Figure 13.35 The schematic images of the front and rear surfaces of the one‐...
14 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Front view of motor vehicle rearview mirror. (a) Traditional fou...Figure 14.2 General device structure.Figure 14.3 The representative EC materials in Gentex.Figure 14.4 Multilayer rapid discoloration device.Figure 14.5 Compound structural formula.Figure 14.6 Device structure including white reflective layer.Figure 14.7 The representative EC materials in Ricoh.Figure 14.8 Canon's unique EC materials.Figure 14.9 Liquid crystal display screen with electrochromic film.Figure 14.10 Substrate isolated by pixel wall.Figure 14.11 Glasses‐free 3D grating.Figure 14.12 Glasses‐free 3D grating.Figure 14.13 (a) Electrochromic mother board. (b) Electrochromic unit.Figure 14.14 Electrochromic compound structure.Figure 14.15 Electrochromic compound structure.Figure