4 Preface
5 PART I: Qualifications of Tax‐Exempt Organizations CHAPTER 1: Distinguishing Characteristics of Tax‐Exempt Organizations § 1.8 Developments Responding to COVID‐19 Notes CHAPTER 2: Qualifying Under IRC § 501(c)(3) § 2.2 Operational Test Notes CHAPTER 3: Religious Organizations § 3.2 Churches Notes CHAPTER 4: Charitable Organizations § 4.1 Relief of the Poor § 4.3 Lessening the Burdens of Government § 4.5 Advancement of Education and Science § 4.6 Promotion of Health Notes CHAPTER 5: Educational, Scientific, and Literary Purposes and Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals § 5.1 Educational Purposes CHAPTER 6: Civic Leagues and Local Associations of Employees: § 501(c)(4) §6.2 Qualifying and Nonqualifying Civic Organizations Notes CHAPTER 9: Social Clubs: § 501(c)(7) § 9.4 Revenue Tests Note CHAPTER 11: Public Charities § 11.2“Inherently Public Activity” and Broad Public Support: § 509(a)(1) § 11.5Difference Between § 509(a)(1) and § 509(a)(2) Notes
6 PART II: Standards for Private Foundations CHAPTER 12: Private Foundations—General Concepts § 12.4 Termination of Private Foundation Status Note CHAPTER 14: Self‐Dealing: IRC § 4941 § 14.2 Sale, Exchange, or Lease of Property § 14.5 Transactions That Benefit Disqualified Persons Notes CHAPTER 15: Minimum Distribution Requirements: IRC § 4942 § 15.1 Assets Used to Calculate Minimum Investment Return § 15.2 Measuring Fair Market Value § 15.4 Qualifying Distributions Notes CHAPTER 16: Excess Business Holdings and Jeopardizing Investments: IRC §§ 4943 and 4944 § 16.1 Excess Business Holdings § 16.2 Jeopardizing Investments Note CHAPTER 17: Taxable Expenditures: IRC § 4945 § 17.3 Grants to Individuals § 17.4 Grants to Public Charities Notes
7
PART III: Obtaining and Maintaining Tax‐Exempt Status
CHAPTER 18: IRS Filings, Procedures, and Policies
§ 18.1 IRS Determination Process
§ 18.2 Annual Filing of Form 990
§ 18.4 Weathering an IRS Examination
Notes
CHAPTER 19: Maintaining Exempt Status
§ 19.1 Checklists
CHAPTER 20: Private Inurement and Intermediate Sanctions
§ 20.11 New § 4960 Excise Tax on Excess Compensation
Notes
CHAPTER 21: Unrelated Business Income
§ 21.4 Definition of Trade or Business
§ 21.8 Unrelated Activities
§ 21.10 Income Modifications
§ 21.11 Calculating and Minimizing Taxable Income
Notes
CHAPTER 23: Electioneering and Lobbying
§ 23.3 Tax on Political Expenditures
Note
CHAPTER