The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency

8.4% (1991 est.) National product per capita: $500 (1993 est.) Inflation rate (consumer prices): 2%-3% (1991 est.) Unemployment rate: NA% Budget: revenues: $115 million expenditures: $412 million, including capital expenditures of $218 million (1991 est.) Exports: $193.9 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: cotton 48%, cattle 35%, textiles 5%, fish partners: France, Nigeria, Cameroon Imports: $294.1 million (f.o.b., 1991) commodities: machinery and transportation equipment 39%, industrial goods 20%, petroleum products 13%, foodstuffs 9%; note - excludes military equipment partners: US, France, Nigeria, Cameroon External debt: $492 million (December 1990 est.) Industrial production: growth rate 12.9% (1989 est.); accounts for nearly 15% of GDP Electricity: capacity: 40,000 kW production: 70 million kWh consumption per capita: 15 kWh (1991) Industries: cotton textile mills, slaughterhouses, brewery, natron (sodium carbonate), soap, cigarettes Agriculture: accounts for about 45% of GDP; largely subsistence farming; cotton most important cash crop; food crops include sorghum, millet, peanuts, rice, potatoes, manioc; livestock - cattle, sheep, goats, camels; self-sufficient in food in years of adequate rainfall Economic aid: recipient: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–89), $198 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–89), $1.5 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $28 million; Communist countries (1970–89), $80 million Currency: 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine Francs (CFAF) per US$1 - 592.05 (January 1994), 283.16 (1993), 264.69 (1992), 282.11 (1991), 272.26 (1990), 319.01 (1989) note: beginning 12 January 1994 the CFA franc was devalued to CFAF 100 per French franc from CFAF 50 at which it had been fixed since 1948 Fiscal year: calendar year

      @Chad, Communications

      Highways:

       total:

       31,322 km

       paved:

       bituminous 32 km

       unpaved:

       gravel, crushed stone 7,300 km; earth 23,990 km

       Inland waterways:

       2,000 km navigable

       Airports:

       total:

       68

       usable:

       58

       with permanent-surface runways:

       5

       with runways over 3,659 m:

       1

       with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

       3

       with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

       27

       Telecommunications:

       fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links;

       broadcast stations - 6 AM, 1 FM, limited TV service; many facilities

       are inoperative; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT earth station

      @Chad, Defense Forces

      Branches:

       Army (includes Ground Forces, Air Force, and Gendarmerie), Republican

       Guard

       Manpower availability:

       males age 15–49 1,276,167; fit for military service 663,326; reach

       military age (20) annually 54,027 (1994 est.)

       Defense expenditures:

       exchange rate conversion - $58 million, 5.6% of GDP (1989)

      @Chile, Geography

      Location:

       Southern South America, bordering the South Pacific Ocean between

       Argentina and Peru

       Map references:

       South America, Standard Time Zones of the World

       Area:

       total area:

       756,950 sq km

       land area:

       748,800 sq km

       comparative area:

       slightly smaller than twice the size of Montana

       note:

       includes Isla de Pascua (Easter Island) and Isla Sala y Gomez

       Land boundaries:

       total 6,171 km, Argentina 5,150 km, Bolivia 861 km, Peru 160 km

       Coastline:

       6,435 km

       Maritime claims:

       contiguous zone:

       24 nm

       continental shelf:

       200 nm

       exclusive economic zone:

       200 nm

       territorial sea:

       12 nm

       International disputes:

       short section of the southern boundary with Argentina is indefinite;

       Bolivia has wanted a sovereign corridor to the South Pacific Ocean

       since the Atacama area was lost to Chile in 1884; dispute with Bolivia

       over Rio Lauca water rights; territorial claim in Antarctica (Chilean

       Antarctic Territory) partially overlaps Argentine and British claims

       Climate:

       temperate; desert in north; cool and damp in south

       Terrain:

       low coastal mountains; fertile central valley; rugged Andes in east

       Natural resources:

       copper, timber, iron ore, nitrates, precious metals, molybdenum

       Land use:

       arable land:

       7%

       permanent crops:

       0%

       meadows and pastures:

       16%

       forest and woodland:

       21%

       other:

       56%

       Irrigated land:

       12,650 sq km (1989 est.)

       Environment:

       current issues:

       air pollution from industrial and vehicle emissions; water pollution

       from untreated sewage; deforestation contributing to loss of

       biodiversity; soil erosion; desertification

       natural hazards:

       subject to severe earthquakes; active volcanism; tsunamis

       international agreements:

       party to - Antarctic Treaty, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes,

       Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands,

       Whaling; signed, but not ratified - Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,

       Biodiversity, Climate Change, Law of the Sea

       Note:

       strategic location relative to sea lanes between Atlantic and Pacific

       Oceans (Strait of Magellan, Beagle Channel, Drake Passage); Atacama

       Desert one of world's driest regions

      @Chile, People

      Population:

       13,950,557 (July 1994 est.)

       Population growth rate:

       1.51% (1994 est.)

       Birth rate:

       20.59 births/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Death rate:

       5.49 deaths/1,000 population (1994 est.)

       Net migration