The 1994 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: United States. Central Intelligence Agency
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Currency:

       1 Aruban florin (Af.) = 100 cents

       Exchange rates:

       Aruban florins (Af.) per US$1 - 1.7900 (fixed rate since 1986)

       Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      @Aruba, Communications

      Highways:

       total:

       NA

       paved:

       NA

       unpaved:

       NA

       Ports:

       Oranjestad, Sint Nicolaas

       Airports:

       total:

       2

       usable:

       2

       with permanent-surface runways:

       2

       with runways over 3,659 m:

       0

       with runways 2,440–3,659 m:

       1

       with runways 1,220–2,439 m:

       0

       note:

       government-owned airport east of Oranjestad accepts transatlantic

       flights

       Telecommunications:

       more than adequate; telephone density - 1,100 telephones per 1,000

       persons; extensive interisland microwave radio relay links; 72,168

       telephones; broadcast stations - 4 AM, 4 FM, 1 TV; 1 submarine cable

       to Saint Maarten

      @Aruba, Defense Forces

      Note: defense is the responsibility of the Netherlands

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands

      Header Affiliation: (territory of Australia)

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Geography

      Location: Southeastern Asia, in the Indian Ocean, 320 km off the northwest coast of Australia, between Australia and Indonesia Map references: Oceania, Southeast Asia Area: total area: 5 sq km land area: 5 sq km comparative area: about 8.5 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC note: includes Ashmore Reef (West, Middle, and East Islets) and Cartier Island Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 74.1 km Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 12 nm continental shelf: 200-m depth or to depth of exploration exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 3 nm International disputes: none Climate: tropical Terrain: low with sand and coral Natural resources: fish Land use: arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% meadows and pastures: 0% forest and woodland: 0% other: 100% (all grass and sand) Irrigated land: 0 sq km Environment: current issues: NA natural hazards: surrounded by shoals and reefs international agreements: NA Note: Ashmore Reef National Nature Reserve established in August 1983

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands, People

      Population: no indigenous inhabitants; note - there are only seasonal caretakers

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Government

      Names:

       conventional long form:

       Territory of Ashmore and Cartier Islands

       conventional short form:

       Ashmore and Cartier Islands

       Digraph:

       AT

       Type:

       territory of Australia administered by the Australian Ministry for the

       Environment, Sport, and Territories

       Capital:

       none; administered from Canberra, Australia

       Administrative divisions:

       none (territory of Australia)

       Independence:

       none (territory of Australia)

       Legal system:

       relevant laws of the Northern Territory of Australia

       Diplomatic representation in US:

       none (territory of Australia)

       US diplomatic representation:

       none (territory of Australia)

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Economy

      Overview: no economic activity

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Communications

      Ports: none; offshore anchorage only

      @Ashmore and Cartier Islands, Defense Forces

      Note:

       defense is the responsibility of Australia; periodic visits by the

       Royal Australian Navy and Royal Australian Air Force

      @Atlantic Ocean, Geography

      Location:

       body of water between the Western Hemisphere and Europe/Africa

       Map references:

       Africa, Antarctic Region, Arctic Region, Central America and the

       Caribbean, Europe, North America, South America, Standard Time Zones

       of the World

       Area:

       total area:

       82.217 million sq km

       comparative area:

       slightly less than nine times the size of the US; second-largest of

       the world's four oceans (after the Pacific Ocean, but larger than

       Indian Ocean or Arctic Ocean)

       note:

       includes Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Caribbean Sea, Davis Strait, Denmark

       Strait, Drake Passage, Gulf of Mexico, Mediterranean Sea, North Sea,

       Norwegian Sea, Scotia Sea, Weddell Sea, and other tributary water

       bodies

       Coastline:

       111,866 km

       International disputes:

       some maritime disputes (see littoral states)

       Climate:

       tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near

       Cape Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can

       occur from May to December, but are most frequent from August to

       November

       Terrain:

       surface usually covered with sea ice in Labrador Sea, Denmark Strait,

       and Baltic Sea from October to June; clockwise warm water gyre (broad,

       circular system of currents) in the north Atlantic, counterclockwise

       warm water gyre in the south Atlantic; the ocean floor is dominated by

       the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, a rugged north-south centerline for the entire

       Atlantic basin; maximum depth is 8,605 meters in the Puerto Rico

       Trench

       Natural resources:

       oil and gas fields, fish, marine mammals (seals and whales), sand and

       gravel aggregates, placer deposits, polymetallic nodules, precious

       stones

       Environment:

       current issues:

       endangered marine species include the manatee, seals, sea lions,

       turtles, and whales; municipal sludge pollution off eastern US,