The 2008 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: United States. Central Intelligence Agency
Издательство: Bookwire
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Социология
Год издания: 0
isbn: 4057664638922
Скачать книгу
327 by type: bulk carrier 8, cargo 63, carrier 2, chemical tanker 78, container 84, liquefied gas 2, passenger/cargo 42, petroleum tanker 29, refrigerated cargo 7, roll on/roll off 8, specialized tanker 4 foreign-owned: 26 (Canada 1, Germany 1, Germany 9, Greece 4, Iceland 2, Norway 3, Sweden 6) registered in other countries: 534 (Antigua and Barbuda 19, Bahamas 67, Belgium 4, Brazil 2, Cayman Islands 3, Cyprus 4, Egypt 1, Estonia 1, France 2, Germany 1, Gibraltar 7, Hong Kong 24, Isle of Man 29, Italy 3, Jamaica 2, Liberia 12, Lithuania 5, Luxembourg 1, Malta 30, Marshall Islands 10, Mexico 2, Netherlands 29, Netherlands Antilles 2, Norway 25, Panama 40, Portugal 3, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 16, Singapore 87, South Africa 1, Spain 1, Spain 1, Sweden 4, Togo 1, UAE 1, UK 62, US 31, Venezuela 1) (2008)

      Ports and terminals:

      Aalborg, Aarhus, Copenhagen, Ensted, Esbjerg, Fredericia, Kalundborg

      Military

       Denmark

      Military branches:

      Defense Command: Army Operational Command, Admiral Danish Fleet,

       Island Command Greenland, Tactical Air Command, Home Guard (2008)

      Military service age and obligation:

      18 years of age for compulsory and voluntary military service; conscripts serve an initial training period that varies from 4 to 12 months according to specialization; reservists are assigned to mobilization units following completion of their conscript service; women eligible to volunteer for military service (2004)

      Manpower available for military service:

      males age 16–49: 1,235,067 females age 16–49: 1,215,418 (2008 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

      males age 16–49: 1,012,716 females age 16–49: 996,436 (2008 est.)

      Manpower reaching militarily significant age annually:

      male: 36,561 female: 34,603 (2008 est.)

      Military expenditures:

      1.5% of GDP (2006; 1.28% 2007 est.)

      Transnational Issues

       Denmark

      Disputes - international:

      Iceland, the UK, and Ireland dispute Denmark's claim that the Faroe

       Islands' continental shelf extends beyond 200 nm; Faroese continue

       to study proposals for full independence; sovereignty dispute with

       Canada over Hans Island in the Kennedy Channel between Ellesmere

       Island and Greenland

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2008

      ======================================================================

      @Dhekelia

      Introduction

       Dhekelia

      Background:

      By terms of the 1960 Treaty of Establishment that created the independent Republic of Cyprus, the UK retained full sovereignty and jurisdiction over two areas of almost 254 square kilometers - Akrotiri and Dhekelia. The larger of these is the Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area, which is also referred to as the Eastern Sovereign Base Area.

      Geography

       Dhekelia

      Location:

      Eastern Mediterranean, on the southeast coast of Cyprus near

       Famagusta

      Geographic coordinates:

      34 59 N, 33 45 E

      Map references:

      Middle East

      Area:

      total: 130.8 sq km note: area surrounds three Cypriot enclaves

      Area - comparative:

      about three-quarters the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries:

      total: 103 km (approximately) border countries: Cyprus 103 km (approximately)

      Coastline:

      27.5 km

      Climate:

      temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters

      Environment - current issues:

      netting and trapping of small migrant songbirds in the spring and autumn

      Geography - note:

      British extraterritorial rights also extended to several small off-post sites scattered across Cyprus; of the Sovereign Base Area land 60% is privately owned and farmed, 20% is owned by the Ministry of Defense, and 20% is SBA Crown land

      People

       Dhekelia

      Population:

      approximately 15,700 live on the Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia including 7,700 Cypriots, 3,600 Service and UK Based Contract personnel, and 4,400 dependents

      Languages:

      English, Greek

      Government

       Dhekelia

      Country name:

      conventional long form: Dhekelia Sovereign Base Area conventional short form: Dhekelia

      Dependency status:

      a special form of UK overseas territory; administered by an administrator who is also the Commander, British Forces Cyprus

      Capital:

      name: Episkopi Cantonment (base administrative center for Akrotiri and Dhekelia); located in Akrotiri geographic coordinates: 34 40 N, 32 51 E time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October

      Constitution:

      Sovereign Base Areas of Akrotiri and Dhekelia Order in Council 1960, effective 16 August 1960, functions as a basic legal document

      Legal system:

      the Sovereign Base Area Administration has its own court system to deal with civil and criminal matters; laws applicable to the Cypriot population are, as far as possible, the same as the laws of the Republic of Cyprus

      Executive branch:

      chief of state: Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952) head of government: Administrator Air Vice-Marshal Richard LACEY (since 26 April 2006); note - reports to the British Ministry of Defense elections: none; the monarch is hereditary; the administrator is appointed by the monarch

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

      none (overseas territory of the UK)

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

      none (overseas territory of the UK)

      Flag description:

      the flag of the UK is used

      Economy

       Dhekelia

      Economy - overview:

      Economic activity is limited to providing services to the military and their families located in Dhekelia. All food and manufactured goods must be imported.

      Industries:

      none

      Currency (code):

      euro (EUR) adopted 1 January 2008; note - the Cypriot pound (CYP) formerly used

      Exchange rates:

      euros (EUR) per US dollar -