The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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GOWDA]; Janata Dal (United) or JDU [Sharad YADAV]; Jharkhand

       Mukti Morcha or JMM [leader NA]; Kerala Congress (Mani faction) [K.

       M. MANI]; Lok Jan Shakti Party or LJSP [leader NA]; Marumalarchi

       Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam or MDMK [VAIKO]; Muslim League [G. M.

       BANATWALA]; Nationalist Congress Party or NCP [Sharad PAWAR];

       Pattali Makkal Katchi or PMK [leader NA]; Rashtriya Janata Dal or

       RJD [Laloo Prasad YADAV]; Revolutionary Socialist Party or RSP

       [Abani ROY]; Samajwadi Party or SP [Mulayam Singh YADAV]; Shiromani

       Akali Dal or SAD [G. S. TOHRA]; Shiv Sena or SS [Bal THACKERAY];

       Tamil Maanila Congress [G. K. VASAN]; Telangana Rashtra Samithi or

       TRS [leader NA]; Telugu Desam Party or TDP [Chandrababu NAIDU];

       Trinamool Congress [Mamata BANERJEE]

      Political pressure groups and leaders:

       numerous religious or militant/chauvinistic organizations,

       including Vishwa Hindu Parishad, Bajrang Dal, and Rashtriya

       Swayamsevak Sangh; various separatist groups seeking greater

       communal and/or regional autonomy, including the All Parties

       Hurriyat Conference in the Kashmir Valley and the National Socialist

       Council of Nagaland in the Northeast

      International organization participation:

       AfDB, ARF, AsDB, ASEAN (dialogue partner), BIS, C, CERN (observer),

       CP, FAO, G- 6, G-15, G-19, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU,

       ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM

       (observer), ISO, ITU, MIGA, MONUC, NAM, OAS (observer), ONUB, OPCW,

       PCA, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNMEE,

       UNMIK, UNMOVIC, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WCO, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO

      Diplomatic representation in the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador Ranendra SEN

       chancery: 2107 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008; note -

       Consular Wing located at 2536 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington,

       DC 20008

       telephone: [1] (202) 939–7000

       FAX: [1] (202) 265–4351

       consulate(s) general: Chicago, Houston, New York, and San Francisco

      Diplomatic representation from the US:

       chief of mission: Ambassador David C. MULFORD

       embassy: Shantipath, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi 110021

       mailing address: use embassy street address

       telephone: [91] (11) 2419–8000

       FAX: [91] (11) 2419–0017

       consulate(s) general: Chennai (Madras), Kolkata (Calcutta), Mumbai

       (Bombay)

      Flag description:

       three equal horizontal bands of saffron (subdued orange) (top),

       white, and green with a blue chakra (24-spoked wheel) centered in

       the white band; similar to the flag of Niger, which has a small

       orange disk centered in the white band

      Economy India

      Economy - overview:

       India's diverse economy encompasses traditional village farming,

       modern agriculture, handicrafts, a wide range of modern industries,

       and a multitude of services. Services are the major source of

       economic growth, though two-thirds of the workforce is in

       agriculture. The UPA government has committed to furthering economic

       reforms and developing basic infrastructure to improve the lives of

       the rural poor and boost economic performance. Government controls

       on foreign trade and investment have been reduced in some areas, but

       high tariffs (averaging 20% in 2004) and limits on foreign direct

       investment are still in place. The government has indicated it will

       do more to liberalize investment in civil aviation, telecom, and

       insurance sectors in the near term. Privatization of

       government-owned industries has proceeded slowly, and continues to

       generate political debate; continued social, political, and economic

       rigidities hold back needed initiatives. The economy has posted an

       excellent average growth rate of 6.8% since 1994, reducing poverty

       by about 10 percentage points. India is capitalizing on its large

       numbers of well-educated people skilled in the English language to

       become a major exporter of software services and software workers.

       Despite strong growth, the World Bank and others worry about the

       combined state and federal budget deficit, running at approximately

       9% of GDP. The huge and growing population is the fundamental

       social, economic, and environmental problem. In late December 2004,

       a major tsunami took nearly 11,000 lives, left almost 6,000 missing,

       destroyed $1.2 billion worth of property, and severely damaged the

       fishing fleet.

      GDP (purchasing power parity):

       $3.319 trillion (2004 est.)

      GDP - real growth rate:

       6.2% (2004 est.)

      GDP - per capita:

       purchasing power parity - $3,100 (2004 est.)

      GDP - composition by sector: agriculture: 23.6% industry: 28.4% services: 48% (2002 est.)

      Labor force:

       482.2 million (2004 est.)

      Labor force - by occupation:

       agriculture 60%, industry 17%, services 23% (1999)

      Unemployment rate:

       9.2% (2004 est.)

      Population below poverty line:

       25% (2002 est.)

      Household income or consumption by percentage share: lowest 10%: 3.5% highest 10%: 33.5% (1997)

      Distribution of family income - Gini index:

       37.8 (1997)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices):

       4.2% (2004 est.)

      Investment (gross fixed):

       23.8% of GDP (2004 est.)

      Budget:

       revenues: $67.3 billion

       expenditures: $104 billion, including capital expenditures of $13.5

       billion (2004 est.)

      Public debt:

       59.7% of GDP (federal debt only; state debt not included) (2004

       est.)

      Agriculture - products:

       rice, wheat, oilseed, cotton, jute, tea, sugarcane, potatoes;

       cattle, water buffalo, sheep, goats, poultry; fish

      Industries: