The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

Автор: United States. Central Intelligence Agency
Издательство: Bookwire
Серия:
Жанр произведения: Социология
Год издания: 0
isbn: 4057664639424
Скачать книгу
2, Russia 56, Singapore 2, Slovenia 4, South Korea 1, Spain

       4, Sweden 6, Switzerland 4, Syria 2, Ukraine 3, UAE 11, United

       Kingdom 24, United States 31, Vietnam 1)

       registered in other countries: 54 (2005)

      Airports:

       17 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 13 2,438 to 3,047 m: 7 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 3 under 914 m: 1 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways:

       total: 4

       914 to 1,523 m: 2

       under 914 m: 2 (2004 est.)

      Heliports:

       10 (2004 est.)

      Military Cyprus

      Military branches:

       Republic of Cyprus: Greek Cypriot National Guard (GCNG; includes

       air and naval elements)

       north Cyprus: Turkish Cypriot Security Force (GKK)

      Military service age and obligation:

       18 years of age (2004)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 18–49: 184,352 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 18–49: 150,750 (2005 est.)

      Manpower reaching military service age annually:

       males: 6,578 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $384 million (FY02)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       3.8% (FY02)

      Transnational Issues Cyprus

      Disputes - international:

       hostilities in 1974 divided the island into two de facto autonomous

       entities, the internationally recognized Cypriot Government and a

       Turkish-Cypriot community (north Cyprus); the 1,000-strong UN

       Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus (UNFICYP) has served in Cyprus since

       1964 and maintains the buffer zone between north and south; March

       2003 reunification talks failed, but Turkish-Cypriots later opened

       their borders to temporary visits by Greek Cypriots; on 24 April

       2004, the Greek Cypriot and Turkish Cypriot communities voted in

       simultaneous and parallel referenda on whether to approve the

       UN-brokered Annan Plan that would have ended the thirty-year

       division of the island by establishing a new "United Cyprus

       Republic," a majority of Greek Cypriots voted "no"; on 1 May 2004,

       Cyprus entered the European Union still divided, with the EU's body

       of legislation and standards (acquis communitaire) suspended in the

       north

      Refugees and internally displaced persons:

       IDPs: 265,000 (both Turkish and Greek Cypriots; many displaced for

       over 30 years) (2004)

      Illicit drugs:

       minor transit point for heroin and hashish via air routes and

       container traffic to Europe, especially from Lebanon and Turkey;

       some cocaine transits as well; despite a strengthening of

       anti-money-laundering legislation, remains highly vulnerable to

       money laundering; identification of benefiting owners and reporting

       of suspicious transactions by nonresident-controlled companies in

       offshore sector remains weak

      This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Czech Republic

      Introduction Czech Republic

      Background:

       Following the First World War, the closely related Czechs and

       Slovaks of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire merged to form

       Czechoslovakia. During the interwar years, the new country's leaders

       were frequently preoccupied with meeting the demands of other ethnic

       minorities within the republic, most notably the Sudeten Germans and

       the Ruthenians (Ukrainians). After World War II, a truncated

       Czechoslovakia fell within the Soviet sphere of influence. In 1968,

       an invasion by Warsaw Pact troops ended the efforts of the country's

       leaders to liberalize Communist party rule and create "socialism

       with a human face." Anti-Soviet demonstrations the following year

       ushered in a period of harsh repression. With the collapse of Soviet

       authority in 1989, Czechoslovakia regained its freedom through a

       peaceful "Velvet Revolution." On 1 January 1993, the country

       underwent a "velvet divorce" into its two national components, the

       Czech Republic and Slovakia. The Czech Republic joined NATO in 1999

       and the European Union in 2004.

      Geography Czech Republic

      Location:

       Central Europe, southeast of Germany

      Geographic coordinates:

       49 45 N, 15 30 E

      Map references:

       Europe

      Area:

       total: 78,866 sq km

       land: 77,276 sq km

       water: 1,590 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly smaller than South Carolina

      Land boundaries:

       total: 1,881 km

       border countries: Austria 362 km, Germany 646 km, Poland 658 km,

       Slovakia 215 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters

      Terrain:

       Bohemia in the west consists of rolling plains, hills, and plateaus

       surrounded by low mountains; Moravia in the east consists of very

       hilly country

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Elbe River 115 m

       highest point: Snezka 1,602 m

      Natural resources:

       hard coal, soft coal, kaolin, clay, graphite, timber

      Land use: arable land: 39.8% permanent crops: 3.05% other: 57.15% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       240 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       flooding

      Environment - current issues: air and water pollution in areas of northwest Bohemia and in northern Moravia around Ostrava present health