The 2005 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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13,000 (2003)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: fair system

       domestic: network consists principally of microwave radio relay and

       low-capacity, low-powered radiotelephone communication

       international: country code - 236; satellite earth station - 1

       Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 1, FM 5, shortwave 1 (2002)

      Radios:

       283,000 (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       1 (2001)

      Televisions:

       18,000 (1997)

      Internet country code:

       .cf

      Internet hosts:

       6 (2002)

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       1 (2002)

      Internet users:

       5,000 (2002)

      Transportation Central African Republic

      Highways: total: 23,810 km paved: 643 km unpaved: 23,167 km (1999 est.)

      Waterways:

       2,800 km (primarily on the Oubangui and Sangha rivers) (2004)

      Ports and harbors:

       Bangui, Nola, Salo, Nzinga

      Airports:

       50 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with paved runways:

       total: 3

       2,438 to 3,047 m: 1

       1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 (2004 est.)

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 47 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 10 914 to 1,523 m: 23 under 914 m: 13 (2004 est.)

      Military Central African Republic

      Military branches:

       Central African Armed Forces (FACA): Ground Forces, Air Force;

       General Directorate of Gendarmerie Inspection (DGIG), Republican

       Guard (2004)

      Military service age and obligation: 18 years of age for voluntary and compulsory military service; conscript service obligation is two years (2005)

      Manpower available for military service:

       males age 18–49: 758,103 (2005 est.)

      Manpower fit for military service:

       males age 18–49: 330,255 (2005 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $15.5 million (2004)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       1% (2004)

      Transnational Issues Central African Republic

      Disputes - international:

       about 30,000 refugees fleeing the 2002 civil conflict in the CAR

       still reside in southern Chad; periodic skirmishes over water and

       grazing rights among related pastoral populations along the border

       with southern Sudan persist

      Refugees and internally displaced persons:

       refugees (country of origin): 36,479 (Sudan) 1,864 (Chad) 6,484

       (Democratic Republic of the Congo)

       IDPs: 200,000 (unrest following coup in 2003) (2004)

      This page was last updated on 20 October, 2005

      ======================================================================

      @Chad

      Introduction Chad

      Background:

       Chad, part of France's African holdings until 1960, endured three

       decades of civil warfare as well as invasions by Libya before a

       semblance of peace was finally restored in 1990. The government

       eventually suppressed or came to terms with most political-military

       groups, settled a territorial dispute with Libya on terms favorable

       to Chad, drafted a democratic constitution, and held multiparty

       presidential elections in 1996 and 1997. In 1998, a new rebellion

       broke out in northern Chad, which sporadically flares up despite two

       peace agreements signed in 2002 and 2003 between the government and

       the rebels. Despite movement toward democratic reform, power remains

       in the hands of an ethnic minority.

      Geography Chad

      Location:

       Central Africa, south of Libya

      Geographic coordinates:

       15 00 N, 19 00 E

      Map references:

       Africa

      Area:

       total: 1.284 million sq km

       land: 1,259,200 sq km

       water: 24,800 sq km

      Area - comparative:

       slightly more than three times the size of California

      Land boundaries:

       total: 5,968 km

       border countries: Cameroon 1,094 km, Central African Republic 1,197

       km, Libya 1,055 km, Niger 1,175 km, Nigeria 87 km, Sudan 1,360 km

      Coastline:

       0 km (landlocked)

      Maritime claims:

       none (landlocked)

      Climate:

       tropical in south, desert in north

      Terrain:

       broad, arid plains in center, desert in north, mountains in

       northwest, lowlands in south

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Djourab Depression 160 m

       highest point: Emi Koussi 3,415 m

      Natural resources:

       petroleum, uranium, natron, kaolin, fish (Lake Chad), gold,

       limestone, sand and gravel, salt

      Land use: arable land: 2.86% permanent crops: 0.02% other: 97.12% (2001)

      Irrigated land:

       200 sq km (1998 est.)

      Natural hazards:

       hot, dry, dusty harmattan winds occur in north; periodic droughts;

       locust plagues

      Environment - current issues:

       inadequate supplies of potable water; improper waste disposal in

       rural areas contributes to soil and water pollution; desertification

      Environment - international agreements:

       party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered

       Species, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands

       signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

      Geography - note:

       landlocked; Lake Chad is the most significant water body in the