Military Reminiscences of the Civil War: Autobiographical Account by a General of the Union Army. Jacob D. Cox

the information that four brigades of the enemy were before us. Shortly after dark the officer of the day, on the right, reported the noise of artillery marching around that flank. Our last day's rations had been issued, and our animals were without forage. Small parties of the enemy had gone far to our rear and cut the telegraph, so that we had had no news from the Kanawha valley for two days. The interruption was likely to create disturbance there and derange all our plans for supply. It was plain that we should have to be content with having foiled the enemy's plan to inflict a severe blow upon us, and that we might congratulate ourselves that with two brigades against four we had regained our line without serious loss. I therefore ordered that the troops be allowed to rest till three o'clock in the morning of the 18th, and that the column then retire behind the Blue-stone River. The movement was made without interruption, and a camp on Flat-top Mountain was selected, from which the roads on every side were well guarded, and which was almost impregnable in itself. ³⁹ Our casualties of all kinds in the affairs about Princeton had been only 113, as the enemy had not delivered any serious attack, and the contest on our side had been one of manoeuvre in which our only chance of important results was in attacking either Heth or Marshall when they were so far separated that they could not unite against us on the field of battle. After the 15th this chance did not exist, and wisdom dictated that we should retire to a safe point from which we could watch for contingencies which might give us a better opportunity. Our experience proved what I have before stated, that the facility for railway concentration of the enemy in our front made this line a useless one for aggressive movements, as they could always concentrate a superior force after they received the news of our being in motion. It also showed the error of dividing my forces on two lines, for had Crook's brigade been with me, or my two brigades with him, we should have felt strong enough to cope with the force which was actually in our front, and would at least have made it necessary for the enemy to detach still more troops from other movements to meet us. Our campaign, though a little one, very well illustrates the character of the subordinate movements so often attempted during the war, and shows that the same principles of strategy are found operating as in great movements. The scale is a reduced one, but cause and effect are linked by the same necessity as on a broader theatre of warfare.

¹ Official Records, vol. v. p. 721.

² O, R., vol. v. p. 722.

³ Id., p. 744.

⁴ Official Records, vol. v. p. 54.

⁵ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. iii. p. 35.

⁶Id., p. 99.

⁷ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. iii. pp. 45–48.

⁸ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. i. p. 4.

⁹ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. i. p. 7.

¹⁰Id., vol. vii. p. 931.

¹¹ Id., vol. xii. pt, iii. p. 8.

¹² Official Records, vol. xii. pt. i. p. 7.

¹³ Id, vol. xii. pt. iii. pp. 14, 119.

¹⁴ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. iii. p. 45.

¹⁵ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. iii. p. 121. The regiments of the command were the 11th, 12th, 23d, 28th, 30th, 34th, 36th, 37th, 44th, 47th Ohio, the 4th, 8th, 9th West Virginia, the 2d West Virginia Cavalry. Of these the 11th Ohio had only nine companies and did not get the tenth till the autumn following. The 8th West Virginia passed from the command before active operations. The batteries were McMullin's Ohio battery, Simmonds's Kentucky battery, and a battery of mountain howitzers at Gauley Mount, manned by a detachment of the 47th Ohio Infantry. Simmonds's company was originally of the 1st Kentucky Infantry assigned by me to man the guns I first took into the Kanawha valley, and subsequently transferred to the artillery service by the Secretary of War. The guns were two 20-pounder Parrott rifles, five 10-pounder Parrotts, two bronze 10-pounder rifles altered from 6-pounder smooth-bores, three bronze and one iron 6-pounder smooth-bores, and ten mountain howitzers to be packed on mules. Some of these guns were left in position at posts, and three small field batteries were organized for the marching columns. Besides the regiment of freshly recruited West Virginia cavalry, there were Schambeck's Independent troop of Illinois cavalry, and Smith's (originally Pfau's) Independent troop of Ohio cavalry, both German troops.

¹⁶ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. iii. p. 127.

¹⁷ A romantic story is told of his experience a little later. He was in command on the Upper Potomac with headquarters at Cumberland, where he fell in love with the daughter of the proprietor of the hotel at which he had his headquarters, and whom he subsequently made his wife. The family was of secession proclivities, and the son of the house was in the Confederate army. This young man led a party of the enemy who were able, by his knowledge of the surroundings of his home, to capture General Crook in the night, and to carry him away a prisoner without any serious collision with the troops encamped about. Crook was soon exchanged, and in the latter part of the war served with distinction as division commander under Sheridan.

¹⁸ Ante, pp. 110, 111.

¹⁹ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. iii. pp. 89, 108.

²⁰ Id., p. 71.

²¹ Id., pp. 168, 177, pt. i. pp. 8, 9.

²² .Id., pt. iii. pp. 108, 112, 114, 127.

²³ Official Records, vol. xii. pt. i. pp. 449, 450.

²⁴ Id., pt. iii. p. 140.

²⁵ James M. Comly, later Brevet Brigadier-General, and since the war at one time United States minister to the Sandwich Islands.

²⁶ Id., p 148.

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