The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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      Railways: total: 971 km narrow gauge: 971 km 1.067-m gauge (1995)

      Highways: total: 18,482 km paved: 4,343 km unpaved: 14,139 km (1996 est.)

      Ports and harbors: none

      Airports: 92 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 12 over 3,047 m: 1 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 9 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with unpaved runways: total: 80 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 914 to 1,523 m: 57 under 914 m: 21 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military branches: Botswana Defense Force (includes Army and Air

       Wing), Botswana National Police

      Military manpower—military age: 18 years of age

      Military manpower—availability:

       males age 15–49: 344,587 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 182,279 (1999 est.)

      Military manpower—reaching military age annually:

       males: 18,654 (1999 est.)

      Military expenditures—dollar figure: $61 million (FY99/00)

      Military expenditures—percent of GDP: 1.2% (FY99/00)

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: quadripoint with Namibia, Zambia, and

       Zimbabwe is in disagreement; dispute with Namibia over uninhabited

       Kasikili (Sidudu) Island in Linyanti (Chobe) River is presently at

       the ICJ; at least one other island in Linyanti River is contested

      ======================================================================

      @Bouvet Island——————

      Geography

      Location: Southern Africa, island in the South Atlantic Ocean, south-southwest of the Cape of Good Hope (South Africa)

      Geographic coordinates: 54 26 S, 3 24 E

      Map references: Antarctic Region

      Area:

       total: 58 sq km

       land: 58 sq km

       water: 0 sq km

      Area—comparative: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: 0 km

      Coastline: 29.6 km

      Maritime claims: territorial sea: 4 nm

      Climate: antarctic

      Terrain: volcanic; maximum elevation about 800 m; coast is mostly inaccessible

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: unnamed location 780 m

      Natural resources: none

      Land use:

       arable land: 0%

       permanent crops: 0%

       permanent pastures: 0%

       forests and woodland: 0%

       other: 100% (all ice)

      Irrigated land: 0 sq km (1993)

      Natural hazards: NA

      Environment—current issues: NA

      Environment—international agreements: party to: NA signed, but not ratified: NA

      Geography—note: covered by glacial ice

      People

      Population: uninhabited

      Government

      Country name: conventional long form: none conventional short form: Bouvet Island

      Data code: BV

      Dependency status: territory of Norway; administered from Oslo

      Legal system: NA

      Diplomatic representation in the US: none (territory of Norway)

      Diplomatic representation from the US: none (territory of Norway)

      Flag description: the flag of Norway is used

      Economy

      Economy—overview: no economic activity; declared a nature reserve

      Communications

      Communications—note: automatic meteorological station

      Transportation

      Ports and harbors: none; offshore anchorage only

      Military

      Military—note: defense is the responsibility of Norway

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: none

      ======================================================================

      @Brazil———

      Geography

      Location: Eastern South America, bordering the Atlantic Ocean

      Geographic coordinates: 10 00 S, 55 00 W

      Map references: South America

      Area:

       total: 8,511,965 sq km

       land: 8,456,510 sq km

       water: 55,455 sq km

       note: includes Arquipelago de Fernando de Noronha, Atol das Rocas,

       Ilha da Trindade, Ilhas Martin Vaz, and Penedos de Sao Pedro e Sao

       Paulo

      Area—comparative: slightly smaller than the US

      Land boundaries:

       total: 14,691 km

       border countries: Argentina 1,224 km, Bolivia 3,400 km, Colombia

       1,643 km, French Guiana 673 km, Guyana 1,119 km, Paraguay 1,290 km,

       Peru 1,560 km, Suriname 597 km, Uruguay 985 km, Venezuela 2,200 km

      Coastline: 7,491 km

      Maritime claims: contiguous zone: 24 nm continental shelf: 200 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: mostly tropical, but temperate in south

      Terrain: mostly flat to rolling lowlands in north; some plains, hills, mountains, and narrow coastal belt

      Elevation extremes: lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m highest point: Pico da Neblina 3,014 m

      Natural resources: bauxite, gold, iron ore, manganese, nickel,

       phosphates, platinum, tin, uranium, petroleum, hydropower, timber

      Land use:

       arable land: 5%

       permanent crops: 1%

       permanent pastures: 22%

       forests and woodland: 58%

       other: 14% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 28,000 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: recurring droughts in northeast; floods and occasional frost in south

      Environment—current issues: deforestation in Amazon Basin destroys the habitat and endangers the existence of a multitude of plant and animal species indigenous to the area; air and water pollution in Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo, and several other large cities; land degradation and water pollution caused by improper mining activities

      Environment—international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change,