The 1999 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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by source: fossil fuel: NA% hydro: NA% nuclear: NA% other: NA%

      Electricity—consumption: NA kWh

      Electricity—exports: NA kWh

      Electricity—imports: NA kWh

      Agriculture—products: vegetables, bananas, pawpaws, coconuts

      Exports: $NA

      Exports—commodities: copra

      Exports—partners: Australia

      Imports: $NA

      Imports—commodities: foodstuffs

      Imports—partners: Australia

      Debt—external: $NA

      Economic aid—recipient: $NA

      Currency: 1 Australian dollar ($A) = 100 cents

      Exchange rates: Australian dollars ($A) per US$1—1.5853 (January 1999), 1.5888 (1998), 1.3439 (1997), 1.2773 (1996), 1.3486 (1995), 1.3667 (1994)

      Fiscal year: 1 July—30 June

      Communications

      Telephones: NA

      Telephone system:

       domestic: NA

       international: telephone, telex, and facsimile communications with

       Australia and elsewhere via satellite; 1 satellite earth station of

       NA type

      Radio broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 0, shortwave 0

      Radios: 300 (1992 est.)

      Television broadcast stations: 0 (1997)

      Televisions: NA

      Transportation

      Railways: 0 km

      Highways: total: NA km paved: NA km unpaved: NA km

      Ports and harbors: none; lagoon anchorage only

      Merchant marine: none

      Airports: 1 (1998 est.)

      Airports—with paved runways: total: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 (1998 est.)

      Military

      Military—note: defense is the responsibility of Australia

      Transnational Issues

      Disputes—international: none

      ======================================================================

      @Colombia————

      Introduction

      Background: Colombia gained its independence from Spain in 1819. Earlier than most countries in the area, it established traditions of civilian government with regular, free elections. In recent years, however, assassinations, widespread guerrilla activities, and drug trafficking have severely disrupted normal public and private activities.

      Geography

      Location: Northern South America, bordering the Caribbean Sea, between Panama and Venezuela, and bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Ecuador and Panama

      Geographic coordinates: 4 00 N, 72 00 W

      Map references: South America, Central America and the Caribbean

      Area:

       total: 1,138,910 sq km

       land: 1,038,700 sq km

       water: 100,210 sq km

       note: includes Isla de Malpelo, Roncador Cay, Serrana Bank, and

       Serranilla Bank

      Area—comparative: slightly less than three times the size of

       Montana

      Land boundaries:

       total: 7,408 km

       border countries: Brazil 1,643 km, Ecuador 590 km, Panama 225 km,

       Peru 2,900 km, Venezuela 2,050 km

      Coastline: 3,208 km (Caribbean Sea 1,760 km, North Pacific Ocean

       1,448 km)

      Maritime claims:

       continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

       exclusive economic zone: 200 nm

       territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in

       highlands

      Terrain: flat coastal lowlands, central highlands, high Andes

       Mountains, eastern lowland plains

      Elevation extremes:

       lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m

       highest point: Nevado del Huila 5,750 m

      Natural resources: petroleum, natural gas, coal, iron ore,

       nickel, gold, copper, emeralds

      Land use:

       arable land: 4%

       permanent crops: 1%

       permanent pastures: 39%

       forests and woodland: 48%

       other: 8% (1993 est.)

      Irrigated land: 5,300 sq km (1993 est.)

      Natural hazards: highlands subject to volcanic eruptions; occasional earthquakes; periodic droughts

      Environment—current issues: deforestation; soil damage from

       overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from

       vehicle emissions

      Environment—international agreements:

       party to: Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Endangered

       Species, Hazardous Wastes, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test

       Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83,

       Tropical Timber 94

       signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol,

       Desertification, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping

      Geography—note: only South American country with coastlines on

       both North Pacific Ocean and Caribbean Sea

      People

      Population: 39,309,422 (July 1999 est.)

      Age structure:

       0–14 years: 33% (male 6,556,566; female 6,402,115)

       15–64 years: 62% (male 11,966,306; female 12,593,685)

       65 years and over: 5% (male 807,282; female 983,468) (1999 est.)

      Population growth rate: 1.85% (1999 est.)

      Birth rate: 24.45 births/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Death rate: 5.59 deaths/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Net migration rate: −0.34 migrant(s)/1,000 population (1999 est.)

      Sex ratio:

       at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female

       under 15 years: 1.02 male(s)/female

       15–64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female

       65 years and over: 0.82 male(s)/female

       total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (1999 est.)

      Infant mortality rate: 24.3 deaths/1,000 live births (1999 est.)

      Life expectancy at birth: total population: 70.48 years male: 66.54 years female: 74.54 years (1999 est.)

      Total fertility rate: 2.87 children born/woman (1999 est.)

      Nationality: noun: Colombian(s) adjective: Colombian

      Ethnic