Walter Lippmann
Public Opinion: Political Essay
Books
OK Publishing, 2020
[email protected] Tous droits réservés.
EAN 4064066397005
Table of Contents
Chapter I. The World Outside and the Pictures in Our Heads
Part II. Approaches to the World Outside
Chapter II. Censorship and Privacy
Chapter III. Contact and Opportunity
Chapter IV. Time and Attention
Chapter V. Speed, Words, and Clearness
Chapter VII. Stereotypes as Defense
Chapter VIII. Blind Spots and Their Value
Chapter IX. Codes and Their Enemies
Chapter X. The Detection of Stereotypes
Chapter XI. The Enlisting of Interest
Chapter XII. Self-Interest Reconsidered
Part V. The Making of a Common Will
Chapter XIII. The Transfer of Interest
Chapter XV. Leaders and the Rank and File
Part VI. The Image of Democracy
Chapter XVI. The Self-Centered Man
Chapter XVII. The Self-Contained Community
Chapter XVIII. The Role of Force, Patronage and Privilege
Chapter XIX. The Old Image in a New Form: Guild Socialism
Chapter XXI. The Buying Public
Chapter XXII. The Constant Reader
Chapter XXIII. The Nature of News
Chapter XXIV. News, Truth, and a Conclusion
Part VIII. Organized Intelligence
Chapter XXV. The Entering Wedge
Chapter XXVI. Intelligence Work
Chapter XXVII. The Appeal to the Public
Chapter XXVIII. The Appeal to Reason
To Faye Lippmann
Wading River, Long Island. 1921.
"Behold! human beings living in a sort of underground den, which has a mouth open towards the light and reaching all across the den; they have been here from their childhood, and have their legs and necks chained so that they cannot move, and can only see before them; for the chains are arranged in such a manner as to prevent them from turning round their heads. At a distance above and behind them the light of a fire is blazing, and between the fire and the prisoners there is a raised way; and you will see, if you look, a low wall built along the way, like the screen which marionette players have before them, over which they show the puppets.
I see, he said.
And do you see, I said, men passing along the wall carrying vessels, which appear over the wall; also figures of men and animals, made of wood and stone and various materials; and some of the prisoners, as you would expect, are talking, and some of them are silent?
This is a strange image, he said, and they are strange prisoners.
Like ourselves, I replied; and they see only their own shadows, or the shadows of one another, which the fire throws on the opposite wall of the cave?
True, he said: how could they see anything but the shadows if they were never allowed to move their heads?
And of the objects which are being carried in like manner they would see only the shadows?
Yes, he said.
And if they were able to talk with one another, would they not suppose that they were naming what was actually before them?"
—The Republic of Plato, Book Seven.
(Jowett Translation.)
Part I.