The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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about two-thirds of government revenues and exports. In the early 1980s rapidly rising oil revenues enabled Congo to finance large-scale development projects with growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The world decline in oil prices, however, has forced the government to launch an austerity program to cope with declining receipts and mounting foreign debts.

      GDP: $2.2 billion, per capita $1,000; real growth rate - 3% (1988 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 1.5% (1988)

      Unemployment rate: NA%

      Budget: revenues $382 million; expenditures $575 million, including capital expenditures of $118 million (1988)

      Exports: $912 million (f.o.b., 1987); commodities—crude petroleum 72%, lumber, plywood, coffee, cocoa, sugar, diamonds; partners—US, France, other EC

      Imports: $494.4 million (c.i.f., 1987); commodities—foodstuffs, consumer goods, intermediate manufactures, capital equipment; partners—France, Italy, other EC, US, FRG, Spain, Japan, Brazil

      External debt: $4.5 billion (December 1988)

      Industrial production: growth rate - 5.9% (1987)

      Electricity: 133,000 kW capacity; 300 million kWh produced, 130 kWh per capita (1989)

      Industries: crude oil, cement, sawmills, brewery, sugar mill, palm oil, soap, cigarettes

      Agriculture: accounts for 11% of GDP (including fishing and forestry); cassava accounts for 90% of food output; other crops—rice, corn, peanuts, vegetables; cash crops include coffee and cocoa; forest products important export earner; imports over 90% of food needs

      Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70–88), $56 million; Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments (1970–87), $2.1 billion; OPEC bilateral aid (1979–89), $15 million; Communist countries (1970–88), $338 million

      Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine franc (plural—francs); 1 CFA franc (CFAF) = 100 centimes

      Exchange rates: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (CFAF) per US$1—287.99 (January 1990), 319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications Railroads: 797 km, 1.067-meter gauge, single track (includes 285 km that are privately owned)

      Highways: 12,000 km total; 560 km bituminous surface treated; 850 km gravel, laterite; 5,350 km improved earth; 5,240 km unimproved roads

      Inland waterways: the Congo and Ubangi (Oubangui) Rivers provide 1,120 km of commercially navigable water transport; the rest are used for local traffic only

      Pipelines: crude oil 25 km

      Ports: Pointe-Noire (ocean port), Brazzaville (river port)

      Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 51 total, 46 usable; 5 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 3,659 m; 1 with runways 2,440–3,659 m; 17 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: services adequate for government use; primary network is composed of radio relay routes and coaxial cables; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Loubomo; 18,100 telephones; stations—3 AM, 1 FM, 4 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force, paramilitary National People's Militia

      Military manpower: males 15–49, 492,419; 250,478 fit for military service; 23,622 reach military age (20) annually

      Defense expenditures: 4.6% of GDP (1987)—————————————————————————— Country: Cook Islands (free association with New Zealand) - Geography Total area: 240 km2; land area: 240 km2

      Comparative area: slightly less than 1.5 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: none

      Coastline: 120 km

      Maritime claims:

      Continental shelf: 200 meters or edge of continental margin;

      Extended economic zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: tropical; moderated by trade winds

      Terrain: low coral atolls in north; volcanic, hilly islands in south

      Natural resources: negligible

      Land use: 4% arable land; 22% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 0% forest and woodland; 74% other

      Environment: subject to typhoons from November to March

      Note: located 4,500 km south of Hawaii in the South Pacific Ocean

      - People

       Population: 18,187 (July 1990), growth rate 0.5% (1990)

      Birth rate: 22 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: - 10 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 24 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 66 years male, 72 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 3.5 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Cook Islander(s); adjective—Cook Islander

      Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and

       European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other

      Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands

       Christian Church

      Language: English

      Literacy: NA%

      Labor force: 5,810; agriculture 29%, government 27%, services 25%, industry 15%, and other 4% (1981)

      Organized labor: NA

      - Government

       Long-form name: none

      Type: self-governing in free association with New Zealand; Cook Islands fully responsible for internal affairs; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with the Cook Islands

      Capital: Avarua

      Administrative divisions: none

      Independence: became self-governing in free association with New Zealand on 4 August 1965 and has the right at any time to move to full independence by unilateral action

      Constitution: 4 August 1965

      National holiday: NA

      Executive branch: British monarch, representative of the UK, representative of New Zealand, prime minister, deputy prime minister, Cabinet

      Legislative branch: unicameral Parliament; note—the unicameral House of Arikis (chiefs) advises on traditional matters, but has no legislative powers

      Judicial branch: High Court

      Leaders:

       Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952);

       Representative of the UK Sir Tangaroa TANGAROA (since NA);

       Representative of New Zealand Adrian SINCOCK (since NA);

      Head of Government—Prime Minister Geoffrey HENRY (since NA February 1989); Deputy Prime Minister Inatio AKARURU (since NA)

      Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Geoffrey Henry;

       Democratic Tumu Party, Vincent Ingram; Democratic Party, Dr. Vincent Pupuke

       Robati; Cook Islands Labor Party, Rena Jonassen; Cook Islands People's Party,

       Sadaraka Sadaraka

      Suffrage: