The 1990 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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319.01 (1989), 297.85 (1988), 300.54 (1987), 346.30 (1986), 449.26 (1985)

      Fiscal year: calendar year

      - Communications

       Railroads: 578 km, all 1.000-meter gauge, single track

      Highways: 5,050 km total; 920 km paved, 2,600 laterite, 1,530 km improved earth

      Inland waterways: navigable along small sections, important only locally

      Ports: Cotonou

      Merchant marine: 1 cargo ship (1,000 GRT or over) of 2,999 GRT/4,407 DWT

      Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft

      Airports: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runways; none with runways over 2,439 m; 4 with runways 1,220–2,439 m

      Telecommunications: fair system of open wire, submarine cable, and radio relay; 16,200 telephones; stations—2 AM, 2 FM, 1 TV; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT satellite earth station

      - Defense Forces

       Branches: Army, Navy, Air Force

      Military manpower: eligible 15–49, 2,015,206; of the 950,921 males 15–49, 486,620 are fit for military service; of the 1,064,285 females 15–49, 537,049 are fit for military service; about 55,550 males and 53,663 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes are liable for military service

      Defense expenditures: 1.7% of GDP, or $28.9 million (1988 est.)—————————————————————————— Country: Bermuda (dependent territory of the UK) - Geography Total area: 50 km2; land area: 50 km2

      Comparative area: about 0.3 times the size of Washington, DC

      Land boundaries: none

      Coastline: 103 km

      Maritime claims:

      Continental shelf: 200 meters or to depth of exploitation;

      Exclusive fishing zone: 200 nm;

      Territorial sea: 12 nm

      Climate: subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter

      Terrain: low hills separated by fertile depressions

      Natural resources: limestone, pleasant climate fostering tourism

      Land use: 0% arable land; 0% permanent crops; 0% meadows and pastures; 20% forest and woodland; 80% other

      Environment: ample rainfall, but no rivers or freshwater lakes; consists of about 360 small coral islands

      Note: 1,050 km east of North Carolina; some reclaimed land leased by US Government

      - People

       Population: 58,337 (July 1990), growth rate 1.5% (1990)

      Birth rate: 15 births/1,000 population (1990)

      Death rate: 7 deaths/1,000 population (1990)

      Net migration rate: - 6 migrants/1,000 population (1990)

      Infant mortality rate: 12 deaths/1,000 live births (1990)

      Life expectancy at birth: 72 years male, 78 years female (1990)

      Total fertility rate: 1.7 children born/woman (1990)

      Nationality: noun—Bermudian(s); adjective—Bermudian

      Ethnic divisions: 61% black, 39% white and other

      Religion: 37% Anglican, 14% Roman Catholic, 10% African Methodist

       Episcopal (Zion), 6% Methodist, 5% Seventh-Day Adventist, 28% other

      Language: English

      Literacy: 98%

      Labor force: 32,000; 25% clerical, 22% services, 21% laborers, 13% professional and technical, 10% administrative and managerial, 7% sales, 2% agriculture and fishing (1984)

      Organized labor: 8,573 members (1985); largest union is Bermuda Industrial

       Union

      - Government

       Long-form name: none

      Type: dependent territory of the UK

      Capital: Hamilton

      Administrative divisions: 9 parishes and 2 municipalities*; Devonshire,

       Hamilton, Hamilton*, Paget, Pembroke, Saint George*, Saint George's, Sandys,

       Smiths, Southampton, Warwick

      Independence: none (dependent territory of the UK)

      Constitution: 8 June 1968

      Legal system: English law

      National holiday: Bermuda Day, 22 May

      Executive branch: British monarch, governor, deputy governor, premier, deputy premier, Executive Council (cabinet)

      Legislative branch: bicameral Parliament consists of an upper house or

       Senate and a lower house or House of Assembly

      Judicial branch: Supreme Court

      Leaders: Chief of State—Queen ELIZABETH II (since 6 February 1952), represented by Governor Sir Desmond LANGLEY (since NA October 1988);

      Head of Government—Premier John William David SWAN (since NA January 1982)

      Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), John W. D.

       Swan; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Frederick Wade; National Liberal

       Party (NLP), Gilbert Darrell

      Suffrage: universal at age 21

      Elections: House of Assembly—last held 9 February 1989 (next to be held by February 1994); results—percent of vote by party NA; seats—(40 total) UBP 23, PLP 15, NLP 1, other 1

      Communists: negligible

      Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU), headed by Ottiwell Simmons

      Member of: INTERPOL, WHO

      Diplomatic representation: as a dependent territory of the UK,

       Bermuda's interests in the US are represented by the UK; US—Consul

       General James M. MEDAS; Consulate General at Vallis Building,

       Par-la-Ville Road (off Front Street West), Hamilton (mailing address is

       P. O. Box 325, Hamilton, or FPO New York 09560); telephone (809) 295–1342

      Flag: red with the flag of the UK in the upper hoist-side quadrant and the Bermudian coat of arms (white and blue shield with a red lion holding a scrolled shield showing the sinking of the ship Sea Venture off Bermuda in 1609) centered on the outer half of the flag

      - Economy Overview: Bermuda enjoys one of the highest per capita incomes in the world, having successfully exploited its location by providing luxury tourist facilities and financial services. The tourist industry attracts more than 90% of its business from North America. The industrial sector is small, and agriculture is severely limited by a lack of suitable land. About 80% of food needs are imported.

      GDP: $1.3 billion, per capita $23,000; real growth rate 2.0% (1989 est.)

      Inflation rate (consumer prices): 4.8% (1988)

      Unemployment: 2.0% (1988)

      Budget: revenues $280 million; expenditures $279 million, including capital expenditures of $34 million (FY89 est.)

      Exports: $23 million (f.o.b.,1985); commodities—semitropical produce, light manufactures; partners—US 25%, Italy 25%, UK 14%, Canada 5%, other 31%

      Imports: $402 million (c.i.f., 1985); commodities—fuel, foodstuffs, machinery; partners—US 58%, Netherlands Antilles 9%, UK 8%, Canada 6%, Japan 5%, other 14%

      External debt: NA

      Industrial production: