The 2003 CIA World Factbook. United States. Central Intelligence Agency. Читать онлайн. Newlib. NEWLIB.NET

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4.6%, Switzerland 4.2% (2002)

      Imports:

       $487.3 billion f.o.b. (2002 est.)

      Imports - commodities:

       machinery, vehicles, chemicals, foodstuffs, textiles, metals

      Imports - partners:

       France 9.5%, Netherlands 8.2%, US 7.7%, UK 6.5%, Italy 6.4%,

       Belgium 5.2%, Austria 4%, China 4% (2002)

      Debt - external:

       $NA

      Economic aid - donor:

       ODA, $5.6 billion (1998)

      Currency:

       euro (EUR)

       note: on 1 January 1999, the European Monetary Union introduced the

       euro as a common currency to be used by financial institutions of

       member countries; on 1 January 2002, the euro became the sole

       currency for everyday transactions within the member countries

      Currency code:

       EUR

      Exchange rates:

       euros per US dollar - 1.06 (2002), 1.12 (2001), 1.09 (2000), 0.94

       (1999), 1.76 (1998)

      Fiscal year:

       calendar year

      Communications Germany

      Telephones - main lines in use:

       50.9 million (March 2001)

      Telephones - mobile cellular:

       55.3 million (June 2001)

      Telephone system:

       general assessment: Germany has one of the world's most

       technologically advanced telecommunications systems; as a result of

       intensive capital expenditures since reunification, the formerly

       backward system of the eastern part of the country, dating back to

       World War II, has been modernized and integrated with that of the

       western part

       domestic: Germany is served by an extensive system of automatic

       telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic

       cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic

       satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely available,

       expanding rapidly, and includes roaming service to many foreign

       countries

       international: Germany's international service is excellent

       worldwide, consisting of extensive land and undersea cable

       facilities as well as earth stations in the INMARSAT, INTELSAT,

       EUTELSAT, and INTERSPUTNIK satellite systems (2001)

      Radio broadcast stations:

       AM 51, FM 787, shortwave 4 (1998)

      Radios:

       77.8 million (1997)

      Television broadcast stations:

       373 (plus 8,042 repeaters) (1995)

      Televisions:

       51.4 million (1998)

      Internet country code:

       .de

      Internet Service Providers (ISPs):

       200 (2001)

      Internet users:

       32.1 million (2002)

      Transportation Germany

      Railways:

       total: 45,514 km (21,000 km electrified)

       standard gauge: 45,276 km 1.435-m gauge (20,084 km electrified)

       narrow gauge: 214 km 1.000-m gauge (16 km electrified); 24 km

       0.750-m gauge (2002)

      Highways:

       total: 230,735 km

       paved: 230,735 km (including 11,515 km of expressways)

       unpaved: 0 km (1999)

      Waterways:

       7,500 km

       note: major rivers include the Rhine and Elbe; Kiel Canal is an

       important connection between the Baltic Sea and North Sea (1999)

      Pipelines:

       condensate 325 km; gas 25,289 km; oil 3,743 km; refined products

       3,827 km (2003)

      Ports and harbors:

       Berlin, Bonn, Brake, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Cologne, Dresden,

       Duisburg, Emden, Hamburg, Karlsruhe, Kiel, Luebeck, Magdeburg,

       Mannheim, Rostock, Stuttgart

      Merchant marine:

       total: 337 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 6,036,397 GRT/7,334,067 DWT

       ships by type: cargo 94, chemical tanker 15, container 203,

       liquefied gas 3, passenger 3, petroleum tanker 5, railcar carrier 2,

       refrigerated cargo 1, roll on/roll off 4, short-sea passenger 7

       note: includes some foreign-owned ships registered here as a flag of

       convenience: Chile 1, Finland 5, Iceland 1, Netherlands 3,

       Switzerland 1 (2002 est.)

      Airports:

       551 (2002)

      Airports - with paved runways: total: 328 over 3,047 m: 11 2,438 to 3,047 m: 54 914 to 1,523 m: 69 under 914 m: 131 (2002) 1,524 to 2,437 m: 63

      Airports - with unpaved runways: total: 223 2,438 to 3,047 m: 1 1,524 to 2,437 m: 2 under 914 m: 189 (2002) 914 to 1,523 m: 31

      Heliports: 40 (2002)

      Military Germany

      Military branches:

       Army, Navy (including naval air arm), Air Force, Medical Corps,

       Joint Support Service

      Military manpower - military age:

       18 years of age (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - availability:

       males age 15–49: 20,509,838 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - fit for military service:

       males age 15–49: 17,399,936 (2003 est.)

      Military manpower - reaching military age annually:

       males: 472,946 (2003 est.)

      Military expenditures - dollar figure:

       $38.8 billion (2002)

      Military expenditures - percent of GDP:

       1.38% (2002)

      Transnational Issues Germany

      Disputes - international:

       none

      Illicit drugs:

       source of precursor chemicals for South American cocaine

       processors; transshipment point for and consumer of Southwest Asian

       heroin, Latin American cocaine, and European-produced synthetic drugs

      This page was last updated on 18 December, 2003

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