32 26 Workforce Diversity and Capacity Building to Address Health Disparities 26.1 Background 26.2 Introduction 26.3 Diversity in the US Scientific and Health Workforce 26.4 Diversity and Health Disparities: What Are the Links? 26.5 Methodological Approaches to Understanding Workforce Diversity and Health Disparities 26.6 Closing Thoughts 26.7 Key Points Acknowledgments Disclaimer References
33 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 2Table 2.1 Representative list of biomarkers for allostatic load [3, 22].
2 Chapter 3Table 3.1 Rankings of the ten leading causes of death for each racial/ethnic ...Table 3.2 Years of potential life lost before age 75 (per 100 000 population ...Table 3.3 Selected list of the most frequently cited acculturation scales.Table 3.4 Summary of previously published findings from the Exploring Health ...
3 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Types of disparity measurements and examples from behavioral determ...
4 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Resources for locating self‐report measures.Table 10.2 Template for reviewing self‐report measures for appropriateness in...
5 Chapter 11Table 11.1 Promising partnership practices.
6 Chapter 12Table 12.1 Summary of three main definitions and methods of disparities measu...Table 12.2 Examples of Quasi‐experimental methods in peer‐reviewed literature...
7 Chapter 13Table 13.1 BRFSS model‐based prevalence estimates (percent) of current cigare...Table 13.2 Predicted Standard Errors (percent) of BRFSS model‐based prevalenc...
8 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Examples of questions that have helped drive big data research in ...Table 14.2 Selected examples: applications of big data analytics and artifici...
9 Chapter 15Table 15.1 Description and examples of three types of complex systems models.Table 15.2 Description of elements of a successful complex adaptive systems m...Table 15.3 Comparisons of three complex systems approaches.
10 Chapter 16Table 16.1 Multilevel Interventions: 2012–2017.
11 Chapter 18Table 18.1 Challenges and approaches in minority health and health disparitie...
12 Chapter 20Table 20.1 The seven essential communication skills in the care of vulnerable...Table 20.2 Interventions for patients with limited health literacy.
13 Chapter 21Table 21.1 Matrix of comparative effectiveness research study designs and typ...Table 21.2 Comparative effectiveness research priority areas and examples of ...
14 Chapter 22Table 22.1 Challenges and opportunities for HIT and health disparities resear...
15 Chapter 23Table 23.1 Examples of PM that have been incorporated into clinical care.Table 23.2 Social determinants of health measures that can be collected prosp...Table 23.3 Examples of disparate efficacy and safety signals related to antip...
16 Chapter 24Table 24.1 Investigator‐identified best practices and recommendations.Table 24.2 Minority recruitment online toolkit features and content.
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Overlapping but distinct constructs of Minority Health and Health...Figure 1.2 Relative risk of all‐cause mortality by US annual household incom...Figure 1.3 The NIMHD Research Framework.
2 Chapter 2Figure 2.1 Schematic representation of the concept of Allostatic Load: (a) G...Figure 2.2 Schematic presentation of stress pathway outputs and inputs to th...Figure 2.3 Schematic representation of pathways important in hypothalamic co...Figure 2.4 Schematic diagram of the influence of glucocorticoids and stress ...
3 Chapter 3Figure 3.1 Conceptual model of race or ethnicity.Figure 3.2 Conceptual framework of the distal mediators and moderators of th...
4 Chapter 4Figure 4.1 In this illustration of behavioral determinants for noncommunicab...Figure 4.2 Children and adolescents with obesity, overall (2–19 years of age...
5 Chapter 6Figure 6.1 An illustration of the use of GIS to represent locations (points)...Figure 6.2 This infographic is an example of how environmental health resear...
6 Chapter 7Figure 7.1 Major migrations and diasporas, 1400–1800, that are the sources o...Figure 7.2 The top panel presents genome‐wide ancestry of all autosomes for ...Figure 7.3 Shown is the process of admixture resulting from a moderate numbe...Figure 7.4 A Manhattan plot showing a peak of SNP association on chromosome ...Figure 7.5 An admixture scan for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and HIV‐...
7 Chapter 8Figure 8.1 Common diseases characterized by health disparities, with the abs...
8 Chapter 9Figure 9.1 Haplotype diversity in the 1000 Genomes Project. Haplotypes were ...Figure 9.2 Individual admixture proportions from New World samples. The six ...Figure 9.3 Proportion of individuals with hypertension among those of Africa...Figure 9.4 Hypertension prevalence across African and European descent popul...
9 Chapter 10Figure 10.1 Steps for translation of self‐report measures.
10 Chapter 11Figure 11.1 CBPR conceptual model.
11 Chapter 13Figure 13.1 BRFSS model‐prevalence estimates of current cigarette smoking am...Figure 13.2 BRFSS model‐prevalence estimates of current cigarette smoking am...
12 Chapter 14Figure 14.1 Big data characteristics.Figure 14.2 Goals and opportunities for big data in health disparities: evid...Figure