© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FIGURE 1-1: A sample ASVAB score card used by high school guidance counselors.
Figure 1-2 depicts an example of an ASVAB score card used for military enlistment purposes.
So what do all these different scores actually mean? Check out the following sections to find out.
Defining all the scores
When you take a test in high school, you usually receive a score that’s pretty easy to understand — A, B, C, D, or F. (If you do really well, the teacher may even draw a smiley face on the top of the page.) If only your ASVAB scores were as easy to understand.
In the following list, you see how your ASVAB test scores result in several different kinds of scores:
Raw score: This score is the total number of points you receive on each subtest of the ASVAB. Although you don’t see your raw scores on the ASVAB score cards, they’re used to calculate the other scores. You can’t use the practice tests in this book (or any other ASVAB study guide) to calculate your probable ASVAB score. ASVAB scores are calculated by using raw scores, and raw scores aren’t determined by adding the number of right or wrong answers. On the actual ASVAB, harder questions are worth more points than easier questions are.
Standard scores: The various subtests of the ASVAB are reported on the score cards as standard scores. A standard score is calculated by converting your raw score based on a standard distribution of scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10.© John Wiley & Sons, Inc.FIGURE 1-2: A sample ASVAB score card used for military enlistment purposes. Don’t confuse a standard score with the graded-on-a-curve score you may have seen on school tests — where the scores range from 1 to 100 with the majority of students scoring between 70 and 100. With standard scores, the majority score is between 30 and 70. That means that a standard score of 50 is an average score and that a score of 60 is an above-average score.
Percentile scores: These scores range from 1 to 99. They express how well you did in comparison with another group called the norm. On the student version’s score card, the norm is fellow students in your same grade (except for the AFQT score).On the enlistment and student score cards, the AFQT score is presented as a percentile with the score normed using the 1997 Profile of American Youth, a national probability sample of 18- to 23-year-olds who took the ASVAB in 1997. For example, if you receive a percentile score of 72, you can say you scored as well as or better than 72 out of 100 of the norm group who took the test. (And by the way, this statistic from 1997 isn’t a typo. The ASVAB is usually “re-normed” every 15 to 20 years; the last time was in 2004, and the sample group used for the norm was those folks who took the test in 1997.)
Composite scores (line scores): Composite scores are individually computed by each service branch. Each branch has its own particular system when compiling various standard scores into individual composite scores. These scores are used by the different branches to determine job qualifications. Find out much more about this topic in Chapter 2.
Understanding the big four: Your AFQT scores
The ASVAB doesn’t have an overall score. When you hear someone say, “I got an 80 on my ASVAB,” that person is talking about his or her percentile on the Armed Forces Qualification Test (AFQT) score, not an overall ASVAB score. The AFQT score determines whether you even qualify to enlist in the military, and only four of the subtests are used to compute it:
Word Knowledge (WK)
Paragraph Comprehension (PC)
Arithmetic Reasoning (AR)
Mathematics Knowledge (MK)
Each job in the military, from food service positions to specialty jobs in the medical field, requires a certain combination of line scores that can include the scores you get on the AFQT. The subtests that aren’t part of the AFQT are used only to determine the jobs you qualify for. (See Chapter 2 for information on how the military uses the individual subtests.)
Calculating the AFQT score
The military brass (or at least its computers) determines your AFQT score through a very particular process:
1 Add the value of your Word Knowledge score to your Paragraph Comprehension score.
2 Convert the result of Step 1 to a scaled score, ranging from 20 to 62.This score is known as your Verbal Expression or VE score.
3 To get your raw AFQT score, double your VE score and then add your Arithmetic Reasoning (AR) score and your Mathematics Knowledge (MK) score to it.The basic equation looks like this:Raw AFQT Score = 2VE + AR + MK
4 Convert your raw score to a percentile score, which basically compares your results to the results of thousands of other ASVAB test-takers.For example, a score of 50 means that you scored as well as or better than 50 percent of the individuals the military is comparing you to.
Looking at AFQT score requirements for enlistment
AFQT scores are grouped into six main categories based on the percentile score ranges in Table 1-3. Category III and Category IV are divided into subgroups because the services sometimes use this chart for internal tracking purposes, enlistment limits, and enlistment incentives. Based on your scores, the military decides how trainable you may be to perform jobs in the service.
TABLE 1-3 AFQT Scores and Trainability
| Category | Percentile Score | Trainability |
|---|---|---|
| I | 93–99 | Outstanding |
| II | 65–92 | Excellent |