Classification: LCC F1435 .M557 2021 (print) | LCC F1435 (ebook) | DDC 972.8/01--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020043053
LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2020043054
Cover image: © Rafal Kubiak/Shutterstock
Cover design by Wiley
Set in 10 on 12.5 pt Palatino LT Std by Integra Software Services, Pondicherry, India
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Table of Contents
1 Cover
5 Preface
6 List of Figures
7 Notes on Contributors
8 1 Mesoamerica: From Culture Area to Networks of Communities of Practice
9 2 Polity and Power in the Olmec Landscape
10 3 Objects with Images: Meaning-Making in Formative Mesoamerica
11 4 Monumental Cityscape and Polity at Teotihuacan
12 5 Social and Ethnic Identity in the Classic Metropolis of Teotihuacan
13 6 Household Archaeology and the Ancient Maya
14 7 Inseparable Entities: Classic Maya Landscapes and Settlements
15 8 Monte Albán and Early Urbanism in the Valley of Oaxaca: Maize, Mountains, and Monuments
16 9 Conquests and Colonialisms in Postclassic and Early Colonial Nejapa, Oaxaca
17 10 Writing History in the Postclassic Mixteca
18 11 Resiliency and Cultural Reconstitution of the Postclassic Mayapan Confederacy and Its Aftermath
19 12 Home Is Where the Ithualli Is: Toward a Microarchaeology of Aztec Households, Family Histories, and Social Identities
20 13 Mexica Monumental Stone Sculpture: Constellations of Form, Meaning, and Change in Tenochtitlan, the Aztec Capital
21 14 Bioarchaeological Research on Daily Life in the Emerging Colonial Society of Mexico City
22 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 1Table 1.1 Summary chronological framework for MesoamericaTable 1.2 Archaeologically identifiable defining traits of Mesoamerica, organized according to social and cultural practices
2 Chapter 9Table 9.1 Postclassic and Early Colonial period radiocarbon dated contexts in NejapaTable 9.2 Ceramic and obsidian artifact densities at excavated Postclassic and Early Colonial sites in Nejapa
3 Chapter 10Table 10.1 Surviving Precolonial style codices from Central and Southern Mexico
4 Chapter 14Table 14.1 Total number of individuals included in this study divided into age and sex categories.Table 14.2 Muscle movement groups, the entheses included in each group, and the action that each group produces for the upper appendicular skeletonTable 14.3 Average entheseal change scores for the right side of the body for each of the movement groups of the upper limb divided according to groups derived from cluster analysisTable 14.4 Age and sex distribution for each of the groups derived from cluster analysis for the right sideTable 14.5 Average entheseal change scores for the left side of the body for each of the movement groups of the upper limb divided according to groups derived from cluster analysisTable 14.6 Age and sex distribution for each of the groups derived from cluster analysis for the left sideTable 14.7 Distribution of individuals among the cluster groups for the right and left upper limbTable 14.8 Correlation of the mean scores for muscle movement groups on the right side of the body and the muscle movement groups on the left side of the body
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 11.1 Map of Mesoamerica1.2 Distribution of languages within Mesoamerica at the time of the Spanish conquest
2 Chapter 22.1 Maps of Olman. Top: locations of sites mentioned in the text and coverage of archaeological surveys. Dashed line indicates the approximate extent of Olman. Bottom: geological map with physiographic provinces labeled. Base maps downloaded from the Mapa Digital de México V 6.3.0, INEGI2.2 Physical landscapes of Olman. (a) Western Tabasco swamps viewed from La Venta. (b) Alluvial plain northeast of the San Lorenzo plateau (slight rise in the background). (c) View across Tuxtlas piedmont to the extinct Tuxtlas Mountains volcano of Cerro el Vigía. (d) Cinder cones in the central Tuxtlas Mountains, looking northward across Lake Catemaco. (e) Cerro Manatí viewed from Macayal. (f) Ancient sand dunes near the coast to the west of the Tuxtla Mountains2.3 Early Formative settlement patterns in three regions of Olman2.4 Map of Mesoamerica, showing exchange of products to and from Gulf Olmec sites2.5 LiDAR imagery of Tres Zapotes in high (dark gray) and low (light gray) resolution. Gray line indicates extent of Tres Zapotes Archaeological Survey (Spanish acronym RATZ)2.6 Middle Formative settlement patterns in three regions of Olman2.7 Macayal phase offering at El Manatí2.8 Some examples of Olmec monumental sculpture. (a) Colossal head (Tres Zapotes Monument A). (b) Tabletop altar–throne (La Venta Monument 4). (c) Full-round sculpture (El Azuzul) “twins.” (d) Stela (La Venta Stela 2)2.9 Plans of civic–ceremonial precincts of Formative urban centers. Clockwise from upper left: San Lorenzo, La Venta, Tres Zapotes2.10 Clockwise from left: San Martín Pajapan Monument, La Venta Monument 44, Lerdo Monument2.11 Tres Zapotes Stela A
3 Chapter 33.1 An Olmec object with image: a jade earspool excavated at La Venta with incised lines suggesting a human profile face flanked by two profile zoomorphic heads3.2 Figurine fragment, Playa de los Muertos style, Ulua Valley3.3 Figurine fragment depicting a monkey, Playa de los Muertos style, Ulua Valley3.4 Fragments of incised vessels from Puerto Escondido, Honduras. Upper left: St. Andrews cross. Upper right: Star and hand–paw–wing motif. Bottom: Anthropomorphic profile faces3.5 An axe blade excavated at La Venta with incised lines suggesting a human face and hands3.6 Polished stone figurine excavated at La Venta with incised lines on the body interpreted as maize cobs3.7 Drawing of images on front and sides of La Venta altar or throne3.8 Image of crocodilian creature with rain clouds, Chalcatzingo, Morelos3.9 Image of woman laying hands on standing object, Chalcatzingo, Morelos
4 Chapter 44.1 Teotihuacan map by the Teotihuacan Mapping Project4.2 Teotihuacan chronology table4.3 View from the central axis of the Avenue of the Dead toward the Moon Pyramid (north), the summit of which exactly coincides with the top of Cerro Gordo4.4 Plan of the central zone of ancient Teotihuacan with measurements in meters and TMU. The distance between the Sun Pyramid and the Citadel apparently reflects a large cycle combined with 8 years of solar calendar and five cycles of Venus almanac (365 × 8 = 584 × 5 = 2920 days). Double of the distances between two monuments coincide with 8 years if one year is calculated as 20 × 18 (360) without 5 extra days that was Mesoamerican standard counting system, (20 × 18 × 4) × 2 = 28804.5 Reconstructed seven building stages (Edificio in Spanish) disclosed by tunnel excavations at the Moon Pyramid4.6 Plan of Burial 6 found in the Moon Pyramid. Bodies of sacrificed people were reconstructed based on human bones4.7 Plan and Profile of ancient tunnel created under the Sun Pyramid4.8 Plan of Offering 2 found in a shallow pit excavated on subsoil in the Sun Pyramid4.9 Plan of the Citadel and the Great Compound made from LiDAR imagery4.10