Stigmatic Optics. Rafael G González-Acuña

and numerous examples are provided. Subsequently, they meticulously develop the general equations for designing axial stigmatic lenes. The resultant surface shapes can be described by a combination of a conventional shape and an aspheric shape, or both surfaces being aspheric. These surfaces, in general, cannot be described by the well-known polynomial aspheric equation commonly used in lens design computer programs. The authors skillfully explain the development of their new aspheric equations and provide numerous examples. Throughout the book, the authors have richly included graphics that aid in clarification of their discussions. Readers will likely appreciate that the authors included computer code for algorithms useful in computing axial stigmatic designs.

      Stigmatic Optics is an excellent book to gain an understanding of the basics of optical imaging and the formulation of the new aspheric shapes for achieving axial stigmatic imaging. To continue learning about this topic, readers are encouraged to read Analytical Lens Design by these authors, along with Julio C Gutiérrez-Vega, which also explores the development of aspherical-shaped surface(s) that create lenses which are aplanatic, i.e., free of both spherical aberration and linear coma. One might ask the question: ‘what is the value of this rather esoteric approach to lens design using closed-form solutions?’. My answer is that exploring closed-form solutions can provide further insight into creating better optical systems, although closed-form solutions of complex optical systems seems improbable. Also, recent advances in manufacturing free-form surfaces makes possible the creation of lenses incorporating the authors’ new aspheric shapes.

      R Barry Johnson, FInstP, FOSA, FSPIE, HonSPIE

      Series Editor, Emerging Technologies in Optics and Photonics

      Huntsville, Alabama

Acknowledgements

       Acknowledgements of Rafael G González-Acuña

      Almighty God, creator of the Universe, this book aims to honor your glory. Thank you Lord for giving me the intelligence, the desire, the faith and the means to complete it. Lord, please help me to be a faithful servant of your will. Help me to deserve the promises of your son Jesus Christ, give me a sign, and show me the way …

      I want to thank my family.

      I want to thank my mother Carmen Leticia Acuña Medellín and to my father Rogelio González Cantú to my brothers Rolando and Rogelio,

      Héctor Alejandro Chaparro-Romo, Comrade, once again! we did it comrade! time rewards!

      To Professor R Barry Johnson for your support, patience and fruitful discussions.

      To Ashley Gasque and Robert Trevelyan for all the support!

      I would also like to thank Yoshio Catillejos, Israel Meléndez, Gustavo Medina, Daniel Lomas, Roberto Martinez, César López, Roberto Vera, Ileana Paulette Zambrano, Eliel Guadarrama, Miguel Rojas, Joel Guerra, Homero Pérez, Mauricio Arroyo, Esteban Lankenau, Alejandra Guajardo, Adad Yepiz, Erick Patiño, Alberto Silva, Michelle C Rocha, Adrian Lozano, Luis Garza, Roberto Acuña, Rogelio Acuña, Adriana Mabel Serrano, Maria Isabel González Villarreal, Sonia Villarreal, Dr Job Mendoza, Dr Dorilian López, Dr Servando López, Dr Raúl Aranda, Dr Benjamin Perez-Garcia, Dr Maximino Avendaño, Dr Genaro Zavala, Dr Carlos Hinojosa, Dr Francisco Cuevas, Dr Rafael Torres, Dr Blas Manuel Rodríguez Lara, Professor Reinhard Klette, Professor Alois Herkommer, Professor Russell Chipman, Professor Simon Thibault and Stephen Wolfram.

      To Professor Julio C Gutiérrez-Vega and Dr Bernardino Barrientos García, my advisors during the PhD and masters degree, respectively.

      I would also like to thank several institutions: Institute of Physics, Conacyt, Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Wolfram Research, Centro de Investigaciones en Optica A.C., Auckland University of Technology, Institut für Technische Optik at Universität Stuttgart, Universidad Abierta y a Distancia de México, Universidad Yachay Tech and Oxford Immune Algorithmics.

      Thank you very much!

       Acknowledgements of Héctor Alejandro Chaparro-Romo

      I want to thank the IOP family widely for this opportunity, the fact that you have believed in our own abilities and merits comforts us greatly, the feat of consolidating a project of authentic knowledge and intertwining it with the classic always brings with it a challenge of unknown magnitude. Through this second work, what is rightfully true is reaffirmed. Optical design will never be the same.

      I am particularly grateful to Professor Dr R Barry Johnson, editor in chief of the series, Ashley Gasque for all the support she gave us and Robert Trevelyan for his diligent instructions, without them this project would still be in process.

      Beyond family and friend thanks, I want to thank prospectively all those who will enjoy this work, either designing optical systems or consuming all the technology that at some future time will be developed based on this knowledge.

      I hope with fervor that this final result is an incentive to improve the quality of life for all, the greatest thanks is for those who, through their mastery of knowledge, make a moment of existence something comforting and pleasant.

      I thank you, dear readers, for the patience and the decision to read our work; in fact the number of equations and their procedures are not trivial matters, however, with discipline and responsibility they can be mastered with such ease that their magnitude becomes ephemeral and despicable. Among the greatest difficulties that we have had to face, Rafael, is the fact that currently there are very few people who enjoy this knowledge—I hope that soon you can open debate with us and with this continue creating a model of Nature with a concrete and consistent theoretical basis.

      I thank all those institutions that support the full development of their populations, all those governments that try to use reason and avoid the repression of free thought.

      This book is a tribute to our time, nowadays the role of the scientist is frequently confused in the teaching market, I thank all those who do not give up on their scientific thinking and much less stop creating ideas.

      Father, mother, brother and Rafael, thanks again for facing the challenge as a team, without this link many projects would not have been possible, only a just goal makes the difficulty lessen, we again achieved it.

      Finally I thank all those people who will use this knowledge to build a better humanity, a peaceful life and a reason for existence!

Author biographies

      Rafael G González-Acuña

      Rafael G González-Acuña studied industrial physics engineering at the Tecnológico de Monterrey and studied the masterʼs degree in optomechatronics at Centro de investigaciones en Óptica, A.C. He is currently studying his PhD at the Tecnológico de Monterrey. His doctoral thesis focuses on the design of free spherical aberration lenses. He is co-author of the solution to the problem of designing bi-aspheric singlet lenses free of spherical aberration. He is co-author of the book Analytical Lens Design (IOP Publishing).

      Héctor A Chaparro-Romo

      Héctor A Chaparro-Romo obtained his bachelorʼs in electronic engineering at the Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, and is currently studying for a degree in Economics at the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. He is co-author of the solution to the problem of spherical aberration in lens design, he is also co-author of several peer-reviewed scientific articles and a book on analytical design of optical systems. Héctor is an independent and self-employed researcher in his home office, where he fully focuses his capabilities in the complex field of computer networks and the Internet, As a pioneer, his main goal is to develop http://www.biaspheric.com as a reference portal for all those who want to learn deeply the theory of optical design that works from the rigorous