Figure 0.2. Four-strand braid. Dominic Williamson, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA. Used with permission. | 8
Figure 0.3. Moral maturity and the four strands. Richard B. Steele and Dominic Williamson, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA. Used with permission. | 10
Figure 0.4. Nursing postage stamp. Issued December 28, 1961. Public domain. | 15
Figure 1.1. Phillipe de Champaigne, Moses and the Ten Commandments [oil on canvas]. (1648). 92 cm x 75 cm. The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. Photograph © The State Hermitage Museum. Photo by Svetlana Suetova. Used by permission. | 29
Figure 1.2. Vincent van Gogh, The Good Samaritan (after Delacroix) [oil on canvas]. (1890). 73 cm x 60 cm. Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Netherlands. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Van_Gogh_-_Der_barmherzige_Samariter.jpeg. Public domain. | 36
Figure 1.3. Jerry Barrett, Florence Nightingale receiving the wounded at Scutari [oil on canvas]. (Ca. 1856). 40.6 cm x 51 cm. National Portrait Gallery, London, NPG Number 4305. Used by permission. | 42
Figure 2.1. Raphael, The miraculous draught of fishes [tempera on paper, mounted on canvas]. (1515). 360 cm x 440 cm. Victoria and Albert Museum, London. Wikipedia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miraculous_catch_of_fish#/media/File:V%26A_-_Raphael,_The_Miraculous_Draught_of_Fishes_(1515).jpg. Public domain. | 59
Figure 2.2. Rembrandt van Rijn, Christ preaching and healing the sick (or The hundred guilder print) [etching]. (1649). 278 mm x 388 mm. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam, Object number RP-P-OB-602. Used with permission. | 66
Figure 2.3. Walt Whitman with his nurse Warren Fritzenger, on the wharf, probably near his Mickle Street House in Camden, NJ. (1890). Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Reproduction Number LC-Dig-ppmsca-07548. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/97506894/. No known restrictions on publication. | 68
Figure 2.4. Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin, The attentive nurse [oil on canvas]. (1747). 46 cm x 37 cm. National Gallery of Art, Washington, DC. Simple English Wikipedia. https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Attentive_Nurse#/media/File:Jean_Sim%C3%A9on_Chardin_-_The_Attentive_Nurse_-_WGA04757.jpg. Public domain. | 80
Figure 2.5. A flower for nurse. French baby at the American Red Cross nursing home near Paris. (1918). American National Red Cross photograph collection. Library of Congress Reproduction Number LC-DIG-anrc-09169. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/resource/anrc.09169/. No known restrictions on publication. | 82
Figure 3.1. Albrecht Dürer, St. Peter and St. John healing a cripple at the gate of the temple [engraving]. (1513). 118 mm x 74 mm. National Gallery of Art. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Albrecht_Dürer_-_Saint_Peter_and_Saint_John_Healing_a_Cripple_at_the_Gate_of_the_Temple.jpg. Public domain. | 104
Figure 3.2. Pietro Longhi, The apothecary [oil on canvas]. (Ca. 1752). 59 cm x 48 cm. Gallerie dell’Accademia, Venice. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pietro_Longhi_-_The_Apothecary_-_WGA13411.jpg. Public domain. | 106
Figure 3.3. Nikolai Aleksandrovich Yaroshenko, Sister of mercy [oil on cardboard]. (1886). Found in the collection of the State Art Museum, Ivanovo, Russia. HIP/Art Resource, New York, NY. Used with permission. | 108
Figure 3.4. Gold key to door of nurses memorial building, Florence Nightingale School, Bordeaux, France. (1922). American National Red Cross photograph collection. Library of Congress Prints and Photographs Division, Washington, DC. http://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017679951/. No known restrictions on publication. | 110
Figure 4.1. Bernardo Strozzi, Prophet Elijah and the widow of Sarepta [Zarephath] (1 Kings 17:7) [oil on canvas]. (Ca. 1640). Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria. Photo by Erich Lessing/Art Resource, New York, NY. Used with permission. | 129
Figure 4.2. Antonio Bellucci, St. Sebastian and St. Irene [oil on canvas]. (First half of the eighteenth century). The State Hermitage Museum, St. Petersburg, Russia. Photograph © The State Hermitage Museum. Photo by Yuri Molodkovets. Used with permission. | 136
Figure 4.3. Mary Eliza Mahoney (1845–1926). Photographs and Prints Division, Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, The New York Public Library. Image no. psnypl_scg_164. Used with permission. | 137
Figure 4.4. Edward Hicks, Peaceable kingdom [oil on canvas]. (Ca. 1833). Worcester Art Museum, Massachusetts, USA/Bridgeman Images. Used with permission. | 139
Figure 5.1. Biblia Latina cum Glossa Ordinaria. Nicholas of Lyra, Gloss on Genesis 1.1. Basel: Froben and Petri, 1498, p. 50. Provided by Universitätsbibliothek Basel, Frey-Gryn K I 4–9. https://www.e-rara.ch/bau_1/content/pageview/5083816. Public domain. | 149
Figure 5.2. C-major diatonic chords. Dominic Williamson, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA. Used with permission. | 154
Figure 5.3. Moral maturity and the nine provisions. Richard B. Steele and Dominic Williamson, Seattle Pacific University, Seattle, WA. Used with permission. | 155
Figure 5.4. Albert Charles Challen, Portrait of Mary Seacole [oil on panel]. (Ca. 1869). 59.7 cm x 88.9 cm. National Portrait Gallery, London, NPG Number 6856. Used with permission. | 160
Tables
Table 0.1. The Four Strands and the Nine Provisions | 2
Table 0.2. Conduct-Focused Ethics vs. Character-Focused Ethics | 9
Table 1.1. Two Cross-Cutting Distinctions | 25
Table 1.2. The Two Tables of the Law | 28
Table 1.3. The Ten Commandments: Mosaic and Reframed | 30
Table 2.1. A Catalogue of Virtues | 73
Foreword
Nursing has been defined in a variety of ways over the centuries. Few would dispute that nursing is a relational profession. Nurses, as they tend to the well-being of others, often at the most critical times of life and death, confront difficult choices. As such, nursing is an ethical business. In fact, year after year, the trustworthiness of nursing continues to outrank other professions in public polls.
Building trust among the public does not happen by accident. Nursing education, built on a foundation of the liberal arts and sciences, involves teaching the art, science, and skills of nursing. Yet beyond the fundamentals, nursing education plays a central role in character formation as well as cultivating professional and ethical comportment.
Within this context, Richard B. Steele and Heidi A. Monroe offer a new framework to understand ethics in nursing and, more broadly, in healthcare. These authors bring a pairing of theological (Steele) and nursing and bioethics (Monroe) experience and expertise to this work.
The authors developed and use the framework detailed in this text as part of a required graduate nursing course designed to “explore the discipline through a theologically informed set of values.” The university policy provides direction, explaining that
in some cases this engagement will result in an alignment with key movements of a particular discipline. In other cases it may lead to a critique of some of the discipline’s foundational assumptions. But in all cases the engagement will reflect both a deep knowledge and proficiency in the discipline itself and a rigorous and sensitive application of relevant theological principles and values.
Steele and Monroe have taken this mandate to a higher level by working together in the classroom and in crafting this text. The theological grounding and their interdisciplinary partnership are what distinguishes their course and this text from being simply another course in nursing and bioethics. Their deep commitment, not only to the course but most importantly to students, provides a rich perspective for teaching, learning and professional development.
Initially, when planning the course, the simple goal was to have graduate nursing students think about their clinical practice differently by understanding and applying a new paradigm for professional nursing values and ethics. What Steele and Monroe have accomplished is to provide a framework that helps