17 11 The Third Intermediate Period (ca. 1069–715) 11.1 Sources and Chronology 11.2 Twin Cities: Tanis and Thebes (the 21st dynasty, 1069–945) 11.3 Libyan Rule (22nd to 24th dynasties, 945–715) 11.4 The End of the Third Intermediate Period
18 12 Egypt in the Age of Empires (ca. 715–332) 12.1 Sources and Chronology 12.2 The Eastern Mediterranean in the 1st Millennium 12.3 Egypt, Kush, and Assyria (ca. 715–656) 12.4 Egypt, Greeks, and Babylonians (656–525) 12.5 Recollections of the Past Under the Kings of Kush and Sais 12.6 Egypt and Persia (525–332)
19 13 Greek and Roman Egypt (332 BC–AD 395) 13.1 Sources and Chronology 13.2 Alexandria and Philae 13.3 Kings, Queens, and Emperors 13.4 Greeks, Romans, and Egyptians 13.5 Economic Developments: Agriculture, Finance, and Trade 13.6 The African Hinterland 13.7 The Christianization of Egypt
20 Epilogue
21 Guide to Further Reading Chapter 1: Introductory Concerns Chapter 2: The Formation of the Egyptian State (ca. 3400–2686) Chapter 3: The Great Pyramid Builders (ca. 2686–2345) Chapter 4: The End of the Old Kingdom and the First Intermediate Period (ca. 2345–2055) Chapter 5: The Middle Kingdom (ca. 2055–1650) Chapter 6: The Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos (ca. 1700–1550) Chapter 7: The Birth of Empire: The Early 18th Dynasty (ca. 1550–1390) Chapter 8: The Amarna Revolution and the Late 18th Dynasty (ca. 1390–1295) Chapter 9: The Ramessid Empire (ca. 1295–1213) Chapter 10: The End of Empire (ca. 1213–1070) Chapter 11: The Third Intermediate Period (ca. 1069–715) Chapter 12: Egypt in the Age of Empires (ca. 715–332) Chapter 13: Greek and Roman Egypt (332 BC–AD 395) Epilogue
22 Glossary
23 King List
24 Bibliography
25 Index
List of Tables
1 Chapter 4Table 4.1 Dynasties of the First Intermediate Period
2 Chapter 6Table 6.1 Dynasties of the Second Intermediate Period
List of Illustrations
1 Chapter 1Figure 1.1 Egyptian archetypes. This pair of painted limestone statues, 120 ...Figure 1.2 Nubian archetype. On this 10‐cm‐high limestone trial piece for a ...Figure 1.3 Syrian archetype. This 13‐cm‐high glazed tile, originally used as...Figure 1.4 A matter of presentation. In the 14th century, images of the Nubi...Figure 1.5 Before the building of the Aswan dams the height of the Nile Rive...Figure 1.6 As papyrus was expensive, potshards and flakes of limestone provi...Figure 1.7 This image shows a detail of a fragmentary king list carved on a ...Figure 1.8 A 25‐cm‐high ceremonial mace head carved in limestone depicts a k...
2 Chapter 2Map 1 Egypt and Nubia from prehistory to the Middle KingdomFigure 2.1 One of the most widespread emblems of kingship in ancient Egypt r...Figure 2.2 In a tomb of the Late Naqada period at Abydos, called U‐j by its ...Figure 2.3 The monumental Palette of King Narmer (front and back shown here)...Figure 2.4 One of the earliest statues in the round of a king of Egypt is th...Figure 2.5 Excavations at Coptos revealed three statues dated around 3300 of...Figure 2.6 On this label of ebony wood, 8 by 5.5 cm, the upper right panel s...Figure 2.7 Hieratic script was a rapid form of hieroglyphic initially used f...Figure 2.8 In the first few centuries